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Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy 2023 Vol.41 Please wait a minute... For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails Select The three-dimensional model construction of bronchial tree and the simulation of fiberoptic bronchoscopy surgery based on Chinese Visible Human dataset  Yang Jingyi, Hu Xin, Yao Jie, Xu Zhou, Yang Zhi, Chen Zhi, Wu Yi Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 1-7.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.01 Abstract （531）      PDF（pc） （8102KB）（393）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To construct detailed three-dimensional (3D) digital structures and apply to virtual simulation and 3D printing of the human lung bronchial trees, so as to provide accurate morphological data for the virtual simulation of fiberoptic bronchoscopy surgery.    Methods    The tomographic anatomical images of Chinese Visible Human CVH1,2,5,6 chest were selected. The lungs and bronchial trees were segmented and  reconstructed in 3D by using AMIRA software. Cinema 4D software was used to smooth, construct an interactive 3D-PDF model, and perform 3D printing to create virtual fiberoptic bronchoscopy surgery simulation model.    Results    Detailed 3D digital models of 4 lung bronchial trees were constructed, including 3 adults and 1 child, showing the branches of the human bronchial tree at 3-6 levels, the number of branches at level 4 and level 6 was about twice the number of branches of the upper level. The segment of left lung was 8, the number of bronchial branches at level 6 was (63.8±3.6), the segment of right lung was 10, the number of bronchial branches at level 6 was (63.8±3.6), and the bronchial branches number ratio of the left and right lungs was 0.79. The longest length of the bronchus was located in the left lobe, and the diameter of children’s lumen was smaller than that of three adults.   Conclusions    The 3D digital model, 3D printing model, 3D-PDF and virtual simulation software for surgery of the bronchial trees have improved the understanding of anatomy and developmental biology of bronchial tree. We believe that the B1+2 and B7+8 bronchopulmonary segments of the left lung are separate segmental bronchi, rather than two combined segmental bronchi, which provides morphological basis for clinical anatomy teaching and virtual simulation of fiberoptic bronchoscopy surgery. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Multi-slice spiral CT study on anatomical variations of pulmonary veins Mei Yixuan, Liu Hailan, Liu Cheng, Zhang Yi, Liu Shuwei Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 8-14.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.02 Abstract （207）      PDF（pc） （9220KB）（89）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To describe and classify the anatomic variations of pulmonary veins by multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT), so as to provide anatomic basis for radio-frequency ablation of atrial fibrillation and cardio-thoracic surgery.　Methods　Two hundred and fifty patients underwent coronary CT angiography with MSCT were respectively analyzed. The anatomical structure of pulmonary veins was observed by post-processing techniques such as multi-plane reconstruction (MPR), maximum density imaging (MIP) and volume reconstruction (VR). The frequency of each type was classified and counted.　Results　The incidence of common vein and accessory pulmonary veins was 38.8% and 15.2%, respectively, with no gender difference. The left atrium and pulmonary vein connection could be divided into 4 types: 130 cases in standard type (52%), 83 cases in common vein type, which was the most common variation type(33.2%), 23 cases in additional vein type ( 9.2%), and 14 cases in mixed type ( 5.6%). The variation rate of bilateral pulmonary vein drainage patterns was 54%, 26.8% on right side, 42% on left side, with no gender difference.　Conclusions　Pulmonary veins has great variability. MSCT can display pulmonary vein in detail, which is an effective tool to study its anatomical structure.     Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select MRI study of the effect of isolated unilateral ventriculomegaly on the volume of brain parenchyma Sun Shanshan, Tian Mimi, Zhao Peng, Cai Shuo, Yang Tao, Yang Yongqing, Ma Wenjing, Lin Xiangtao Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 15-19.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.03 Abstract （188）      PDF（pc） （2278KB）（37）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To investigate the effect of fetal isolated unilateral ventriculomegaly on the volume of brain parenchyma and its clinical value in fetal diagnosis and treatment.   Methods   Isolated unilateral ventriculomegaly confirmed by ultrasound underwent fetal brain examination at 1.5T MRI. The width of lateral ventricle, the thickness of adjacent lateral brain parenchyma, the volume of lateral ventricle and the volume of cerebral hemisphere were measured on the dilated side and the normal side, and the volume of brain parenchyma was calculated. The changes of the width of lateral ventricle with gestational age were followed up at an interval of 1 month.   Results   A total of 49 fetuses with isolated unilateral ventricular dilatation at 23-31 gestational weeks were finally included in the study. They were divided into three groups according to the degree of dilatation: 12 cases in the mild dilatation group, 27 cases in the moderate dilatation group and 10 cases in the severe dilatation group. The results of comparative study were as follows: ⑴ Compared with the normal side, the thickness of  adjacent brain parenchyma on the dilated side decreased, and the volume of brain parenchyma was no significant difference; ⑵ There were differences in the width and volume of the dilated lateral ventricle and the volume of the cerebral hemisphere among the three groups (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the thickness and volume of the brain parenchyma on the dilated side. ⑶ The follow-up showed that the width of lateral ventricle gradually decreased in 76% in the mild and moderate dilation groups, and the abortion rate in the severe dilation group was 80%.   Conclusions Isolated unilateral lateral ventricular dilatation has no effect on the volume of brain parenchyma, and the prognosis of fetuses with mild to moderate dilatation is good, which provides important imaging information for the evaluation, prognosis and intervention of fetuses with lateral ventricular dilatation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select CT features of NHL involvement of gastrocolic ligament Wu Hang, Zhou Taohu, Li Yubiao, Huang Wenjun, Ding Ning, Dong Xiaohan, Dong Peng Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 20-22.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.04 Abstract （198）      PDF（pc） （2315KB）（38）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To study the CT features of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) involvement of gastrocolic ligament (GCL) and its anatomic basis.    Methods    CT images of 26 patients with GCL involvement by the HNL were analyzed retrospectively. All cases were proved by pathology. Emphasis was placed on CT findings of the GCL.    Results    The main manifestation of GCL involvement was enlargement of lymph nodes in GLC. The enlarged lymph nodes were scattered and no lymph node fusion was observed. The enlarged lymph nodes showed uniform enhancement in 25 cases, and uniform enhancement combined with annular enhancement in 1 case. GCL thickened with local caked sign and peritoneal fluid collection in 2 cases. Conclusions  Familiarity with the anatomical features of GCL is helpful for the CT diagnosis of NHL involving GCL. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Study of accessory fissure of human liver based on CT images He Xiangfa, Qiu Yinru, Wang Ru, Ye Lili, Liang Ming, Pang Yu, Pan Wei, Liu Sirun Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 23-27.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.05 Abstract （204）      PDF（pc） （2110KB）（191）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To summarize and analyze the CT images of accessory fissure of liver, in order to improve the understanding of accessory fissure of liver and avoid misdiagnosis and surgical damage. Methods    One thousand four hundred and forty-nine cases of upper abdominal CT in Dongguan Kanghua Hospital from September to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The detection rate and imaging manifestations of accessory fissure of liver were observed, and their distribution and morphology were recorded.    Results    A total of 205 cases of accessory fissure of liver were detected in 1449 cases, and the CT detection rate was 14.1% (205/1449), including 125 cases of male (61%) and 80 cases of female (39%). There was no statistical difference in the detection rate of accessory fissure of liver between different genders (c2=0.592, P[>]0.05). The highest incidence of accessory fissure was found in the lower segment of the right anterior lobe (55%). With the increasing of age, the number, length and width of accessory fissure of liver increased, with   statistical difference (P<0.05). The CT images of accessory fissure of liver showed wavy-type (24 cases), diaphragmatic muscular slip-type (5 cases), wedge-type (107 cases), groove-type (68 cases) and irregular type (1 case).    Conclusions    The accessory fissures of liver are widely distributed in human population. Multi-slice spiral CT can effectively observe the existence of accessory fissure of liver. With the understanding its morphology and distribution characteristics, we can reduce the misdiagnosis of accessory fissure of liver. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Imaging anatomical measurement and clinical significance of normal thoracic ratio Li Zhiyan, Chen Xipu, Cai Minghui, Cheng Shuwen, Cen Shaoqin, Abudukhar kramu, Ma Dehua, Wang Chao, Li Yulu, Zhang Xinxin, Zou Wei, Zhu Chengchu, Yi Long Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 28-30.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.06 Abstract （218）      PDF（pc） （1141KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To measure the anatomical parameters of the thorax by an imaging method,  calculate the thoracic ratio, and explore the clinical significance.    Methods    The computed tomography films of 560 people undergoing medical examinations and 368 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) were selected in Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province. They were grouped according to gender and age. The anteroposterior diameter and the transverse diameter of the thoracic cage were measured at the level of the sixth thoracic vertebra, and the thoracic ratio was calculated for statistical analysis.   Results   The reference range of normal thoracic ratio was (1.62±0.14). There were significant differences in thoracic ratio between male (1.60±0.14) and female (1.67±0.18) (P<0.01) according to the result of one-Way ANOVA. The thoracic ratio decreased with the increasing of age, and there was prominent difference in thoracic ratio between different age groups (P<0.01). The thoracic ratio of patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax was (1.79±0.20). There were significant differences in the thoracic ratio between patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax and normal thoracic ratio among different age groups (P<0.05).    Conclusions    The establishment of the reference value of normal thoracic ratio can provide a reliable reference for the related diseases of thoracic deformity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Diffusion tensor imaging of common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve in knee and its clinical application  Li Pinpin, Li Pei, Guan Wenhuan, Li Pan, Fu Shengqi Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 31-35.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.07 Abstract （162）      PDF（pc） （1718KB）（179）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To provide new imaging basis for the early diagnosis of common peroneal nerve and tibial neuropathy in the knee.    Methods    Sixty patients with normal knee of different ages and twenty hospitalized patients with unilateral Guillain Barre syndrome were selected, the regions of interest of different parts of common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve were divided at the workstation. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured and generated tractography imaging.     Results    There was no significant difference in FA and ADC values of common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve in the left and right sides, different age stages and different parts of knee (P>0.05). The FA and ADC values of common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve were (0.65±0.05), (1.04±0.12)×10-3mm2/s and (0.63±0.04), (1.09±0.13)×10-3mm2/s respectively by consolidation. The FA and ADC values of common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve of the knee in the lesion group were (0.55±0.06), (1.26±0.19)×10-3mm2/s and (0.50±0.07), (1.36±0.18)×10-3mm2/s respectively, which was satistically different from the normal group (P<0.05). The FA values of common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve of the knee in the lesion group were lower than those in the normal group, while the ADC values were higher than those in the normal group.    Conclusions  Diffusion tensor imaging can early diagnose the common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve lesion of the knee, and tractography imaging can show the morphological changes of nerve fibers, so as to improve the diagnosis rate of common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve lesion of the knee. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Effect of Scutellarin on M2-type polarization in activated BV-2 microglia via STAT3 signaling Jia Qiuye, Zhang Xiaolina, Chen Haolun, Yuan Yun, Wu Chunyun Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 36-44.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.08 Abstract （119）      PDF（pc） （456KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To investigate the role of scutellarin on the polarization of M2 microglia under the action of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the regulation mechanism of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3).    Methods   BV-2 microglia were divided into a control group (Con), a STAT3 inhibitor α-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylmycin-nicotinamide group (AG490), a LPS group (LPS), a LPS+AG490 group, a LPS+scutellarin pretreatment group (LPS+S), a LPS+S+AG490 group. The expression of STAT3, phosphorylated STAT3 (P-STAT3) and the M2 microglia marker interleukin 10 (IL-10) were detected by Western Blot and immunofluorescence staining.    Results    Western Blot results showed: the expression of P-STAT3 and IL-10 in the LPS group was significantly enhanced, compared with that in the control group (P<0.05); the expression of P-STAT3 was significantly reduced, the expression of IL-10 was obviously increased after pretreatment with scutellarin; both were significantly different from the LPS group (P<0.05). AG490 enhanced the effect of scutellarin. In addition, there was no statistical difference s in STAT3 in each group (P>0.05). Immunofluorescence staining results showed that scutellarin intervention reduced protein level of P-STAT3 in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia, enhanced protein level of IL-10. There was no statistical difference in protein level of STAT3 in each group.   Conclusions Scutellarin promotes the polarization of BV-2 microglia to M2 type by inhibiting the activation of STAT3, which may be related to the effect of scutellarin in reducing neuro-inflammatory responses. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select The role of Kv7.3 of prelimbic cortex in Methamphetamine induced conditioned place preference in mice Hang Zhaofang, Liu Min, Mu Shouhong, Han Weikai, Zhang Jing, Yue Qingwei, Sun Jinhao Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 45-50.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.09 Abstract （202）      PDF（pc） （5266KB）（144）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To investigate the role of prelimbic cortex (Prl) in methamphetamine (METH) induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice, and further identify the regulatory mechanism of Kv7.3 in Prl cortex.     Methods    In this study, C57BJ/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with METH (2mg/kg) to establish animal model of CPP. Through chemical genetic manipulation, hM4di-mcherry virus was injected into Prl, by Clozapine N-oxide (CNO),s activation of small G protein signaling, to analyze the role of Prl in METH induced CPP. Then, qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of Kv7.3 in METH addiction mice. Finally, cannulas were implanted stereotactically into Prl to observe the resulting effect of Kv7 channel agonist retigabine on CPP score.   Results   METH activated neurons in Prl and decreased the expression level of Kv7.3 significantly. CPP score was obviously reduced after specific inhibition of Prl neurons by chemical genetics. Also, Kv7.3 channel agonist retigabine decreased CPP score evidently.  Conclusions     Prl takes part in the regulation of METH induced CPP and Kv7.3 channel plays a crucial role in it. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Effects of miR-133-3p on the biological behavior of thyroid cancer SW579 cells and the growth of transplanted tumors Duan Fangfang, Hou Xiaoxia, Zhou Hanli, Chen Lu, Wang Liuyan, Zhao Xiaoli, Zhang Yujie, Kong Tiandong Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 51-57.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.10 Abstract （142）      PDF（pc） （8721KB）（35）       Knowledge map    Save Objective     To explore the effect of miR-133-3p on the growth of thyroid cancer SW579 cells and transplanted tumors in vivo.     Methods     Thyroid cancer SW579 cells were divided into a control group, a miR-NC group, a miR-133-3p mimic group, and transfected with miR-NC and miR-133-3p mimic according to groups. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-133-3p in thyroid cancer tissues and adjacent tissues and transfected cells, and clone formation. EDU staining were employed to detect cell proliferation, flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes. The protein expression of Survivin and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot. The kits were commended to detect the content of SOD and MDA in the cell supernatant. SW579 cells transfected with miR-133-3p mimic or miR-NC were subcutaneously injected into nude mice, and the expression of miR-133-3p was detected by qRT-PCR, the volume of tumor tissue was observed and recorded. TUNEL was employed to detected tumor tissue apoptosis, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Survivin and caspase-3 in tumor tissue.    Results    The expression of miR-133-3p in thyroid cancer tissues was decreased. Compared with the control group, the expression of miR-133-3p in the miR-133-3p group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The rate of cell colony formation, the rate of EDU positive cells and the expression of Survivin protein were significantly reduced (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate and the expression of caspase-3 were significantly increased (P<0.05). The mitochondrial membrane potential and the SOD content were significantly decreased, and the MDA content was increased (P<0.05) in the cell supernatant. Compared with the control group, the size of transplanted tumors in the miR-133-3p group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), the expression of miR-133-3p, the rate of TUNEL positive cells and the rate of caspae3 positive cells were significantly increased in tumor tissues (P<0.05), and the rate of Survivin-positive cells was significantly reduced (P<0.05).    Conclusions    miR-133-3p can inhibit the proliferation of thyroid cancer SW579 cells, induce apoptosis and mitochondrial oxidative damage, thereby inhibiting the growth of subcutaneous transplanted tumors in nude mice, which is expected to become a target for gene therapy of thyroid cancer. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select COX-2 /sEH dual inhibitor PTUPB alleviates liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting activation of hepatic astrocytes Ma Ling, Hong Jieru, Jin Ling, Liu Yubiao, Yang Jintong, Zhou Yong, Zhang Chenyu Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 58-63.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.11 Abstract （292）      PDF（pc） （8723KB）（530）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To investigate the role of arachidonic acid (ARA) in liver fibrosis associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) metabolic pathways, and to explore the mechanism from the perspective of activation of hepatic astrocytes (HSC).      Methods    Male C57BL/6J mice were used as research subjects, and the mice model of NAFLD-related liver fibrosis was induced by high sugar and high-fat feeding (HFD). Mice were given a daily subcutaneous injection of COX-2/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) dual inhibitor PTUPB (5 mg/kg). After 12 weeks, the effect of COX-2/sEH double inhibition on NAFLD-related liver fibrosis in mice was observed. The bodyweight of mice was recorded. Glucose tolerance of mice was detected. HE staining was used to observe pathological damage of liver tissue, and oil red O staining was used to observe lipid accumulation in liver tissue of mice. Masson staining and Western blot were used to detect collagen content in liver tissue. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-inhibitor-related genes in mouse liver tissue was detected by   Real- time PCR. Western blot was used to detect the effect of PTUPB on the activation of JS1 induced by palmitic acid (PA).    Results   PTUPB could significantly reduce the bodyweight of HFD mice, improve the glucose tolerance of mice, reduce the pathological damage of liver tissue, lipid accumulation, and collagen deposition. PTUPB could also decrease the expression of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors Timp1 mRNA and Timp2 mRNA in liver tissues of HFD mice. PTUPB was observed to reduce PA-induced activation of JS1 cells at the cellular level.    Conclusions   Inhibition of ARA COX-2 /sEH metabolism can reduce HFD-induced NAFLD-related liver fibrosis in mice, and the mechanism is related to inhibition of HSC activation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select The protective effects of emodin on myocardial energy metabolism in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction Huang Hui, Xiong Yan, Tang Yijia, Chen Fuli, Li Qiyong, Zhou Yongmei Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 64-71.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.12 Abstract （121）      PDF（pc） （9836KB）（24）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To investigate the effects of emodin on the energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction and its regulation mechanism on extra-cellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway.    Methods    The left anterior descending branch was ligated to construct a rat model of myocardial infarction. Successfully modeled animals were randomly divided into a model group, a low-dose group, a middle-dose group, a high-dose group and a control group according to the random number table method, each with 10 animals; at the same time, another 10 rats were taken as a sham operation group. Animals in the sham operation group were only threaded, but not ligated; rats in the low-dose group, middle-dose group, and high-dose group were treated with 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg emodin by gavage every day. The rats in the control group were treated with captopril at 10 mg/kg. After 14 days of continuous administration, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and ventricular septal thickness(IVS) of each group of rats were statistically analyzed. TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis rate of rat cardiomyocytes. JC-1 staining was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential of rat cardiomyocytes. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ(complex Ⅰ) protein and p-ERK in myocardial tissue.    Results    Compared with the sham operation group, the LVEDD, LVESD, myocardial cell apoptosis rate, and the expression of complex I and p-ERK in myocardial tissue were significantly increased in the model group, low, medium, high dose group and the control group. LVEF, IVS and the mitochondrial membrane potential of cardiomyocytes were significantly reduced, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with  the modern group, the LVEDD, LVESD, myocardial cell apoptosis rate, and the expression of complex I and p-ERK in myocardial tissue were significantly reduced in the low, medium, high dose group and the control group. LVEF, IVS and the mitochondrial membrane potential of cardiomyocytes were increased significantly, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).    Conclusions    Emodin can significantly improve the mitochondrial damage and energy metabolism in heart failure rats after myocardial infarction, reduce the apoptosis rate of myocardial tissue, and improve the cardiac function of experimental animals. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Effects of Sophora flavescens gel on histopathology, IL-6 and PAR-2 levels in psoriatic rats Xiong Yang, Chen Yan, Wei Dong, Zhang Qin, Cheng Maojie, Song Qi Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 72-76.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.13 Abstract （170）      PDF（pc） （4118KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To study the effects of Kushen gel on histopathology, interleukin -6 (IL-6) and protease activated receptor -2 (PAR-2) levels in psoriatic rats.    Methods    Sixty Wistar rats were divided into a control group, a model group, a vitamin A acid group, Kushen gelatin high, medium and low dose groups, 10 rats in each group. The general condition, pathological changes of skin lesions, inflammatory cell infiltration score, Baker score and levels of IL-6 and PAR-2 in serum and skin lesions were observed in each group. Results    The scales and erythema on the back of rats in each group treated with vitamin A acid and Sophora flavescens gel were alleviated than those in model group. The symptom relief degree of Kushen gel group was better than that of vitamin A acid group. The pathological changes of the skin lesions of rats in different doses of vitamin A acid group and Sophora flavescens gel group were improved to a certain extent than those in model group. The improvement of Kushen gel medium and high dose group was better than that of vitamin A acid group. The inflammatory cell infiltration score, Baker score, IL-6 and PAR-2 levels in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The inflammatory cell infiltration score, Baker score, IL-6 and PAR-2 levels in each treatment group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). The inflammatory cell infiltration score, Baker score, IL-6 and PAR-2 levels in the middle and high dose group were significantly lower than those in the A acid group (P<0.05).     Conclusions    Kushen gel can improve histopathology and IL-6 and PAR-2 levels in psoriatic rats. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Triptolide prevents bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis  Chen Junze, Yu Hui, Xiao Jin Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 77-80.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.14 Abstract （118）      PDF（pc） （3017KB）（150）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To investigate the antiosteoporotic effect and mechanism of triptolide. Methods    A rat model of senile osteoporosis was established. Forty 22-month-old male SD rats were randomly divided into a treatment group of triptolide (15 μg/kg per day intraperitoneally) and a control group of saline (15 μg/kg per day intraperitoneally) for 8 weeks treatment. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microstructure of the proximal tibial cancellous were analyzed by micro-CT. Western blot was used to detect the expression level of osteogenic-related proteins. The number of osteoclasts was measured by TRACP-5b staining, and the expression levels of bone resorption markers were also detected.    Results    Micro-CT results showed that BMD, bone volume/total volume ratio (Bv/Tv), bone trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), bone trabecular number (Tb.N), and bone trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) in the rats treated with ryanodine were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in osteogenesis-related protein expression between the two groups, and TRACP staining result showed that triptolide reduced the number of osteoclasts in vivo (P<0.05), while blood bone resorption marker levels were also significantly lower (P<0.05).    Conclusions    Triptolide has a protective effect on age-related osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Which may be a feasible option for the treatment of senile osteoporosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Biomechanical effect of the distal Chevron osteotomy on contact characteristics of foot joints of hallux valgus Ma Dong, Wang Yining, Xu Chujiang, Xiao Jin, Feng Zhengkuan, Xu Guangwei, Yu Wanqi, Qian Lei, Ouyang Jun Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 81-86.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.15 Abstract （150）      PDF（pc） （2717KB）（108）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To explore the influence of the distal lateral displacement distance of Chevron osteotomy on contact characteristics of the hallux valgus, so as to provide reference for selecting suitable displacement distance in clinical practice.   Methods    The contact force, peak pressure and contact area of each joint of the forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot were measured in normal foot, hallux valgus foot, the distal Chevron osteotomy of the hallux valgus after the lateral displacement of 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 mm in the neutral position of the ankle joint, respectively.  The results were compared and analyzed.    Results   Compared with the normal foot, the contact force of the 1st tarsometatarsal joint (t=-3.33, P=0.02), the calcaneocuboid joint (t=-2.74, P=0.03) and the subtalar joint (posterior articular surface) (t=-2.89, P=0.03) of hallux valgus foot significantly increased. The peak pressure of the talonavicular joint (t=-2.73, P=0.03) and the calcaneocuboid joint (t=-2.74, P=0.03) of the hallux valgus foot increased significantly. After Chevron osteotomy was performed, with the increasing of lateral displacement distance of distal osteotomy, the contact force of the 1st tarsometatarsal joint and the calcaneocuboid joint of hallux valgus foot decreased gradually; the peak pressure of the the talonavicular joint and the calcaneocuboid joint of hallux valgus decreased gradually.    Conclusions    After Chevron osteotomy is performed on moderate hallux valgus foot, when the distal end of the first metatarsal osteotomy is displaced outward by 4mm or 6mm, it can effectively restore the distribution of some inter articular forces and alleviate the local stress concentration of some joints. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Clinical efficacy and anatomical basis of encircle method for resection of thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum Huang Yangliang, Zhong Yi, Liu Shaoyu Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 87-91.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.16 Abstract （176）      PDF（pc） （2741KB）（12）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To identify the surgical indications, clinical outcomes and anatomical basis of one stage posterior approach encircle method for resection of thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum (TOLF).    Methods    From January 2010 to June 2018, 20 TOLF cases admitted in our department were selected according to following indications: 1) the first diagnosis was TOLF; 2) fused type and tuberous type of Sato classification was excluded. 3) dural ossification signs showed on CT scans were excluded. 4) patients with the ossified mass occupation rate more than 55% was excluded. Preoperative and last follow-up modified JOA score, anatomy profiles, operative time, bleeding amount, complications were recorded and retrospectively analyzed.    Results    Twenty cases were collected, there were 9 males and 11 females, average age was 55.2 years old (43~75 years old). All cases were successful managed by one stage posterior approach for encircle method for resection of thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum. There were 36 segments totally. Average operative time was 116 minutes per segment. Bleeding amount was 131ml on average. There was 1 case in cerebrospinal fluid leakage. After suture was preformed, the patient recovered without any complication. All cases were successfully followedup for 48 to 54 months, with an average of 50.9 months. Preoperative modified JOA score was (7.50±1.02), last follow-up score was (10.25±0.62), there was statistical difference between two groups (P<0.05). The postoperative recovery rate was 80.43% on average, 13 cases were evaluated as excellent, 7 case were evaluated as good. No symptom recurrence was observed. Conclusions    After careful patient selection according to indications, encircle method for resection of thoracic ossification of TOLF could be carried out with a satisfied clinical outcome, simplified procedure, less auxiliary means, short operative time, few complication and good prognosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Correlation between the angle of fixation and the curvature of the lower cervical spine with posterior atlantoaxial fixation fusion Li Jianyang, Li Bo, Ouyang Bingping, Luo Chunshan, Ma Xiangyang, Zou Xiaobao, Lu Tingsheng Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 92-96.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.17 Abstract （145）      PDF（pc） （2864KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To evaluate the correlation between different occipitocervical angle (C0~C2), C1~C2 angle and postoperative lower cervical curvature (C2~C7 angle) after posterior atlantoaxial fixation fusion, and to explore the best angle of atlantoaxial fixation and assess the reliability of the influence of these two indexes on the lower cervical curvature, so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment.    Methods From January 2016 to June 2018, 78 patients with disorders of the upper cervical spine who underwent posterior atlantoaxial fixation fusion were followed up. C0~C2, C1~C2 and C2~C7 angles on lateral radiographs of cervical spine were measured respectively. Lordosis was "+" value, kyphosis was "-" value, and the correlation between the included angles was observed.   Results   All patients were followed up for 12 to 18 months, with an average of 16 months. The mean C0~C2 angles during preoperative and postoperative follow-up were (11.87±1.36)°and (20.14±5.20)°, respectively, with statistically significant differences (t=-14.635, P<0.001). The mean C1~C2 angles during preoperative and postoperative follow-up were (15.55±1.70)° and (26.67±7.70)°, respectively, the difference was statistically significant (t=-12.748, P<0.001). The mean C2~C7 angle during preoperative and postoperative follow-up were (18.16±2.81)° and (13.05±6.27)°, respectively, with statistical significance (t=7.500, P<0.001). The postoperative follow-up included 37 cases with the fixed angle of C0~C2 <20° (10°~20°) and 41 cases with the fixed angle ≥20°(20°~28°). There were 37 cases of C1~C2 fixation angle <25°(10°~25°), and 41 cases of C1~C2 fixation angle ≥25°(25°~42°). During follow-up, there was no clear correlation between C1~C2 angle <25°, C0~C2 angle <20° and C2~C7 angle (P=0.635 and 0.510, r=0.081 and 0.112). C1~C2 angle ≥25° and C0~C2 angle ≥20° were negatively correlated with C2~C7 angle (P=0.002 and 0.000, r=-0.466 and -0.872, respectively). C0~C2 angle fixing angle ≥20° is strongly correlated with C2~C7 angle (r=-0.872, absolute value > 0.8), while C1~C2 angle fixing angle ≥25° is not closely correlated with C2~C7 angle (r=-0.466, absolute value<0.5).  Conclusion  With posterior atlantoaxial fixation fusion, the fixation angle of C0~C2 ≥20° or the fixation angle of C1~C2 ≥25° may lead to the decrease of the postoperative curvature of the lower cervical spine, while the fixation angle of C1~C210°~25° and the fixation angle of C0~C2 10°~20° may better maintain the physiological curvature of the lower cervical spine. The fixed angle of C0~C2 is more reliable. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Sequential application of etanercept and csDMARDs in treating ankylosing spondylitis: A prospectively mid-term follow-up study Jiang Weizhou, Hu Yong, Song Minkai, Liu Huan, Huang Wenhua, Xiao Jun Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 97-104.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.18 Abstract （203）      PDF（pc） （3101KB）（8）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To evaluate etanercept and conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) in treating ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and its mid-term therapeutic effect among mild-to-moderate AS patients.   Methods   Sixty-four patients diagnosed with mild-to-moderate AS treating in our department from 2017 to 2018 were enrolled. Etanercept was used in the short term during the active stage of the disease, and csDMARDs combination was used for oral administration during the remission stage. Clinical remission rate was assessed before treatment, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Tthe therapeutic effect was evaluated by BASFI, BASDAI and SQOL-AS scales.    Results   Patients Global, BASFI, BASDAI and ASDAS-CRP scores, CRP and ESR values decreased (P<0.05), while SQOL-AS scores increased (P<0.05) at 3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up. At the end of the follow-up, 85.9% and 79.7% of all enrolled patients achieved ASAS 20, ASAS 40 remission criteria, respectively. No tuberculosis, opportunistic infection or tumor occurred during the treatment.   Conclusions   For mild to moderate AS, the sequential combination of etanercept and csDMARDs shows satisfied mid-term therapeutic efficacy and expects to  be an alternative treatment for those low-income AS patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Image-based epidemiological study on left common iliac vein compression in unselected population in Guangdong province Zhu Qiaohua, Zhu Huiyan, Chen Minming, Kong Wei, Feng Ruizhi, Luo Jun, Chen Dehua Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 104-109.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.19 Abstract （90）      PDF（pc） （2427KB）（12）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To investigate the epidemiology of left common iliac vein (LCIV) compression in unselected population in Guangdong province of China.    Methods   Nonprobability sampling method was used in this multiple center study. CT parameters, such as LCIV minimum diameter, right common iliac vein minimum diameter, inferior vena cava bifurcation angle (IVC-BA), abdominal aorta bifurcation angle (AA-BA) and lower lumbar lordosis angle (LLLA) were measured, and presence of lumbar vertebral hyperostosis(LVH) and iliac arterial calcification(IAC) near the compression site were recorded. The compression percentage of LCIV (LCIV-CP) was calculated. Compression severity (CS) was classified as mild (CP≤50%), moderate (50% 70%).    Results    One thousand and seventy-eight subjects were enrolled, including 584 males and 494 females, with a median age of 56.0. The median LCIV-CP was 44.21% and the range was 0-89.9%. 61.41%, 29.31%, and 9.28% of subjects were graded with mild-, moderate-, and severe CS, respectively. The median LCIV-CPs of females and males were 46.61% and 42.12%, with a significant difference. The median LCIV-CPs of the young, middle-aged, and elderly groups were 52.0%, 45.2%, and 38.1%, respectively. Age differences were observed. Middle-aged females comprised the highest percentage of subjects with moderate or severe CS. The factors affecting the LCIV-CP and CS distribution were gender and age.    Conclusions    LCIV compression is common, and gender and age affect the LCIV-CP and CS distribution. Middle-aged females are the high-risk population with moderate-severe compression. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Misdiagnosis of thoracic pyogenic spondylitis in children (an analysis of 1 case) Lin Jiezhao, Lin Yucong, Luo Jinzhou, Wang Tao, Chen Qifang, Zhou Chusong Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 110-111.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.20 Abstract （178）      PDF（pc） （1653KB）（24）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Research progress of the "cross-talk" between microglia and astrocytes after cerebral ischemia Jia Qiuye, Wu Chunyun Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 112-114.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.21 Abstract （120）      PDF（pc） （456KB）（29）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Research status of molecular markers of Telocytes in different tissues Wang Tianwei, Wang Jia, Wei Hangzhi, Wu Fahong, Ma Hanwei, Zhang Youcheng Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (1): 115-117.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.1.22 Abstract （164）      PDF（pc） （503KB）（62）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anatomic study on the distance between two insertion points and reproductive structures of retrograde superior ramus intramedullary screw Yang Demeng, Huo Nianci, Zhou Aoran, Liu Yuan, Liang Shuang, Wang Xueyao, Zhang Hao, Li Zhuangzhi, Ma Jianjun, Chen Zhiguo Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 121-127.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.01 Abstract （206）      PDF（pc） （4548KB）（44）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To measure the anatomical distance between the insertion point of two different percutaneous retrograde superior ramus of the pubis screw and the surrounding important reproductive structure, and compare the risk of damaging the surrounding important reproductive structure during the insertion of the two insertion points, so as to provide basis for clinical safety of the insertion of the screw.    Methods    Fourteen anticorrosive adult specimens were selected. With the C arm machine monitoring, bilateral percutaneous retrograde screw needle placement was completed by hand. The entry point of A was selected at the front end of the cortex of the internal margin of the pubis, and the entry point of B was selected at the medial point of the pubic tuberculum in the ventral cortex of the pubis. Imaging monitoring equipment confirmed that all needles were located in the osseous channel. Anatomical specimens were used to expose important reproductive structures. The closest distance between the two insertion points and bilateral spermatic cord, dorsal nerve of penis, and corpus cavernosum of the penis was measured in male specimens. The closest distance between the two insertion points and round uterine ligament, the dorsal nerve of the clitoris, the base of the clitoral body, and the glans of the clitoris was measured in female specimens.   Results The average distance between the insertion point A and ipsilateral spermatic cord was (51.17±5.82)mm > the dorsal nerve of penis (20.94±4.16)mm > the contralateral spermatic cord (19.77±5.23)mm > the corpus cavernosum (19.65±7.30)mm. The average distance between the entry point A and the ipsilateral round uterine ligament was (63.12±10.26) mm > the contralateral round uterine ligament (56.11±8.20) mm > the glans of clitoris (40.72±3.30) mm > the dorsal nerve of clitoris (20.46±5.81) mm > the base of clitoral body (17.72±1.76) mm. The mean distance between the insertion point B and the contralateral spermatic cord was (32.22±8.50) mm > the dorsal nerve of penis (31.18±6.23) mm > the ipsilateral spermatic cord (27.09±5.58)mm > penile cavernous body (20.01±7.54)mm. The mean distance between the insertion point B and  the clitoral head was (52.80±5.91) mm > the dorsal nerve of clitoris (50.79±5.05) mm > the contralateral round ligament (43.40±6.70) mm > the ipsilateral round ligament (35.04±11.25) mm > the base of the clitoral body (33.99±3.86) mm.    Conclusions    The risk of injury of the contralateral spermatic cord, the dorsal nerve of penis, in male and the  dorsal nerve of clitoris,  the base of the clitoral body in female at the insertion point A is higher than that at the insertion point B. For the insertion point B, the possibility of injury to the dorsal nerve of clitoris in male is greater than that of in female, the possibility of injury to the dorsal penile nerve and the base of the clitoral body is greater than that of than the cavernosum of the penis. Caution should be paid when performing the same operation at the same insertion point.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anatomical study on the treatment of osseous mallet finger by simple wire compression fixation.  Zhang Yujun, Ju Jihui, Zhao Qiang, Wang Benyuan, Cheng Heyun, Ju Wen Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 128-131.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.02 Abstract （145）      PDF（pc） （3463KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To investigate the feasibility of simple wire compression fixation in the treatment of osseous mallet finger.    Methods    Four adult cadavers hand specimens, with a total of 16 fingers including index finger, middle finger, ring finger and little finger, were collected to measure and study the width of the extensor tendon insertion, the distance from the extensor tendon insertion to the nail matrix, the total length of the distal phalanx, and the nail matrix length. A total of 12 finger specimens (three fingers each in index finger, middle finger, ring finger and little finger) were selected for imitated operation. The model of bony mallet finger was artificially designed. The wire was traversed and bent from the junction of the tendon and the bone fragment, and the wire exit point on the distal phalanx was found. Three horizontal holes were drilled with Kirschner wires along the piercing point and the sides of the distal and proximal ends. After the wire was pierced, it was tightened with the other end and buried under the skin. The position changes of cross pressure points above the bone block were observed.    Results   The final phalanx exit point moved in the same direction as the wire crossing point. The avulsion bone was unstable after the penetration point moved to both ends. When the penetration point was the proximal 1/3 of the end phalanx, the wire was crossed over the bone block without loosening the avulsion bone block.   Conclusions   The most suitable point of bone penetration is the intersection of the extension line and the phalangette. It is feasible to treat mallet fingers by wire compression fixation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anatomical study and clinical significance of superficial lateral sural artery perforator flap  He Xiaoqing, Yang Xi, Shi Yan, Xu Yuexian, Fang Xiang, Fan Xinyu, Wu Yaling, Xu Yongqing Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 132-136.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.03 Abstract （163）      PDF（pc） （1884KB）（25）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To observe the anatomical characteristics of superficial lateral sural artery perforator flap, so as to provide theoretical basis for flap application.   Methods   From January 2017 to December 2019, the intraoperative anatomical observation of the lateral sural artery perforator flap surgery was performed, and a total of 17 consecutive cases were observed. From the beginning of the operation, the flap size, the source of perforator, the origin and end of the perforator, the perforator length, the number and inner diameter of the perforator, and the adjacent relationship between the perforator and the lateral sural nerve were recorded.    Results    Among 17 cases of flap surgery, 15 cases were harvested as superficial lateral sural artery perforator flap, the occurrence of superficial lateral sural artery was 88.2%. Among 15 cases of superficial lateral sural artery perforator flap, 86.7% of perforators originated from the popliteal artery, and 13.3% of perforators originated from the lateral sural artery. The origin of perforator was 86.7% above the popliteal fossa, with an average distance of 1.5 cm from the popliteal fossa. One artery and one vein accounted for 73.3%, and one artery and two veins accounted for 26.7%. Superficial lateral sural artery were (3-7) cm in length, with an average of 4.8 cm. Arterial inner diameter was (0.4-0.8) mm, with an average of 0.59 mm; vein inner diameter was (0.4-1.3) mm, with an average of 0.78 mm. There were four types of relationship between superficial lateral sural artery and lateral sural nerve: Ⅰtype no concomitant (20.0%), Ⅱtype crossing (26.7%), Ⅲ type loosely concomitant (26.7%), and Ⅳ type tightly concomitant (26.7%) %). Ⅳtype was divided into separable subtype (13.3%) and inseparable subtype (13.3%).    Conclusions   The anatomy of superficial lateral sural artery perforator flap has its own characteristics. Familiar with the position, course, diameter of superficial lateral sural artery and its relationship with the lateral sural nerve is vital to improve operation efficiency and reduce complications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Explore the long-term axial changes of vagina after radical hysterectomy by three-dimensional visualization Lu Yijia , Chen Chunlin , Liu Yunlu, Feng Jie , Liu Ping Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 137-142.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.04 Abstract （361）      PDF（pc） （4378KB）（28）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To explore the axial changes of vagina before, 1 year and 5 years after radical hysterectomy (RH) by MRI visualization.    Methods    A total of 30 cervical cancer patients who received RH in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from October 2015 to October 2016 underwent pelvic MRI examination 1 year and 5 years after operation respectively were included.  Mimics 23.0 software was used to reconstruct the pelvis and vagina, the preoperative and posterior pelvis and vagina were matched and corrected by pelvic tilt correction system and placed in the same space. The axial stress points of vagina were named P1~P3 before surgery, 1 year and 5 years after surgery, respectively. The length of vagina, the angle and coordinates of upper and lower sections of P1~P3 were measured, and the differences of axial changes of vagina after operation were compared.    Results    The angle of P2 was (19.99±4.26) °higher than that of P1 and the vagina shortened by (5.55±0.6) cm one year after operation, The angle of P3 was (24.50±4.33)°  higher than that of P1 and the vagina shortened by (5.95±1.13) cm five years after operation. The angle of P3 was (4.51±0.33) ° higher than that of P2, and the vagina was shortened (0.42±0.53) cm 5 years after surgery compared with 1 year after surgery (P<0.05). Stress point coordinates of P1 (3.19±0.69, 1.59±0.52), P2 (2.52±0.38, 0.94±0.87), P3 (2.39±0.46, 0.69±0.59).    Conclusions    After RH, the angle between the upper and lower segments of the vagina is gradually blunt and forward, and the force point is closer to the pubic symphysis in the forward direction and to the vaginal opening in the downward direction, which may be one of the reasons for the long-term rare occurrence of pelvic organ prolapse. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Bilateral sternalis muscle: a case report Long Meiyi, Liu Huanyu, Piao Chengzhe Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 142-.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.23 Abstract （112）      PDF（pc） （1183KB）（46）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Comparative study of anatomical structure and functional characteristics of pelvic floor in normal young men and women by static and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging Zhao Zhiheng, Wu Yue, Zhang Jing, Yang Zitao, Zhang Qinyong, Wang Qingwei, Cheng Jingliang , Che Yingyu Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 143-149.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.05 Abstract （186）      PDF（pc） （4147KB）（246）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To compare the differences of anatomical parameters of pelvic floor between normal young men and women by static and dynamic pelvic floor magnetic resonance imaging.    Methods    Sixty male and sixty female healthy young volunteers were prospectively collected. All volunteers underwent static and dynamic pelvic floor MRI with 3.0T MRI scanners. The length of H line, the length of M line, the vertical distance from bladder neck (BN) to pubococcygeal line (PCL line) (BN-PCL), the vertical distance from uterus to PCL line (U-PCL), anorectal angle (ARA), levator ani plate angle (LPA), puboprostatic angle (PPA) were measured on static and dynamic maximum force phase sagittal T2WI images, and the static and dynamic differences of the above parameters were calculated. The thickness of puborectal muscle (PRM) and iliococcygeal muscle (ICM) were measured on static axial T2WI images. The differences of the parameters between the two groups were compared whether there was statistical significance or not.    Results    The static M line length, static and dynamic maximum force phase BN-PCL line length of normal young male were significantly longer than that of female (P<0.05); the thickness of iliococcygeal muscle in male was significantly higher than that in female (P<0.05); by comparing the changes of parameters in the two states, the length changes of H line and BN-PCL line in female were significantly greater than those in male (P<0.05).    Conclusions    Static and dynamic MRI shows that there are difference in anorectal junction, bladder neck position and pelvic floor supporting structure between men and women, suggesting that clinicians should pay attention to gender and individual differences when evaluating the anatomical structure and function of pelvic floor by magnetic resonance imaging, so as to improve the effective cure rate of pelvic floor dysfunctional diseases (PFD). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select The variation of brachial artery branch: a case report An Yuxuan Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 149-.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.24 Abstract （97）      PDF（pc） （1068KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Study on clinical application of 256-slice spiral CT in 3D reconstruction of anatomical relationship between the right hepatic portal vein and hepatic vein  Zhou Ruiling, Li Ying, Huang Diqing, Zhao Zengjiang, Ding Hui, Zhang Hui, Chen Wei Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 150-155.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.06 Abstract （146）      PDF（pc） （3594KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To describe the CT features of the right hepatic portal vein and hepatic vein by upper abdominal angiography with 256-slice spiral CT, and to explore the anatomical relationship and the redefinition of liver segmentation, so as to explore its clinical significance.    Methods    One hundred cases who were randomly collected were examined with plain CT scanning and three-phase enhanced CT scanning. The distribution of right hepatic portal vein and the branches, hepatic vein and the branches after 3D reconstruction were observed, and the relevant data were statistically analyzed.    Results    The distribution of portal vein: S5 segment could be divided into 4 types. There were 66 cases of A type, 10 cases of B type, 8 cases of C type, and 16 cases of D type. S6 segment could be divided into 6 types, A type 56 cases, B type 15 cases, C type 4 cases, D type 17 cases, E type 4 cases, F type 4 cases . S7 segment could be divided into 3 types, A type 73 cases, B type 23 cases, C type 4 cases. S8 segment could be divided into 5 types, A type 67 cases, B type 3 cases, C type 2 cases, D type 8 cases, E type 20 cases. The distribution of hepatic vein: 45 cases of LHV, MHV and RHV were imported into IVC respectively. Fifty-five cases of LHV and MHV formed common trunk and were imported into IVC. IRHV was found in 36 cases, 11 cases of RHV were small with compensatory blood supply to the right liver by developed MHV. The main MHV trunk was located above the main bifurcation of the portal vein in 15 cases, and the MHV was located right of the Rex-Cantlie line in 41 cases. In this paper, the spatial position relationship between hepatic vein and portal vein was divided into four types. Type A has the most (accounting for 64%) and type D has the least (accounting for 3%).    Conclusions    The anatomical features of the hepatic vein and portal vein in the right part of the liver is complex and diverse. The spatial distribution of hepatic vein and portal vein also change when the main portal vein is mutated. It has imaging guiding significance for the smooth implementation of individualized liver surgery. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Application of multimodal electromagnetic navigation in endoscopic endonasal approach of fresh cadavers Zhou Chunhui, Lv Wenying, Dong Chao, Zhang Jianning, Sun Junzhao Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 156-161.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.07 Abstract （210）      PDF（pc） （5366KB）（21）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To explore the role of multimodal electromagnetic navigation in assisting endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) dissection of fresh cadavers.    Methods   Multi-modal reconstruction of fresh cadaveric head specimen was explored, the accuracy of electromagnetic navigation in the measurement of deep structure in EEA was verified. Electromagnetic navigation was used to locate the characteristic fixed bony markers in the nasal cavity and sinuses.     Results    The computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 sequences of fresh cadavers could be used for multimodal reconstruction, but other sequences failed.  There was no statistical difference between the measurement results of electromagnetic navigation and millimeter soft ruler, which confirmed that electromagnetic navigation was suitable for EEA deep measurement of fresh cadavers.    Conclusions    CT and the T1 sequence of MRI can be used for EEA measurement of fresh cadaveric by multi-modal electromagnetic navigation. Positioning of characteristic anatomical markers in the nasal cavity and sinuses by navigation provides basis for subsequent intracranial anatomical measurement Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Action mechanism of pinoresinol diglucoside on improving osteoporosis in mice based on Nrf2 pathway Huang Xingxiang, Zhong Chao, Ye Hua, Xu Chunyi, Liu Yunfei, Jiang Lu Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 162-171.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.08 Abstract （132）      PDF（pc） （6014KB）（209）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To analyze the action mechanism of pinoresinol diglucoside (PD) on improving osteoporosis.   Methods    The trabecular bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), average trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), average number of trabeculae (Tb.N) and average trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) were analyzed by micro-CT. The damage of bone tissues was detected by HE staining. Number of bone cells/bone circumference (N.Ob/B.Pm), vacuole rate and osteoclast surface/bone surface (Ocs/BS) were analyzed by TRAP staining. The relative activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were detected by ELISA. The expressions of Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and HO-1 were detected by Western Blotting.     Results    Compared with sham operation group, bone loss was increased in model group, BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, N.Ob/B.Pm, relative activity of ALP, SOD, GSH, Nrf2 and HO-1 expression levels were significantly decreased, Tb.Sp, vacuole rate, Ocs/BS, relative activity of TRAP and MDA level were significantly increased (P<0.05). The changes in E2 group and PD group were completely opposite to those in model group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the above indexes between PD group and E2 group (P>0.05).    Conclusions   PD can improve osteoporosis in mice by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select A case report of anatomical composition in brachial plexus  Feng Boya, Hao Yan, Wang Chenyang, Shi Juan Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 171-.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.25 Abstract （139）      PDF（pc） （751KB）（53）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anti-inflammatory effect of sargentodoxa cuneata decoction promotes the recovery of motor function in mice after spinal cord injury Yang Dan, Song Haiwang, Liang Yinhua, Liu Guoxiang, Luo Yi, Zeng Zhu Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 172-177.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.09 Abstract （476）      PDF（pc） （2126KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of sargentodoxa cuneata decoction (SCD) after spinal cord injury (SCI) and its effect on the recovery of motor function.    Methods    Thirty-six SPF grade mice were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a SCI group and a SCD group. The recovery of hindlimb motor function was detected by BMS (Basso mouse scale), and the expression levels of interleukin (IL) -6, IL-12A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were detected by Western blot. Immunofluorescence staining of NeuN was performed to observe the changes of neurons in anterior horn of spinal cord. The distribution of spinal cord motoneurons related to tibialis anterior muscle (TA) was observed by rAAV-retro retrograde tracing.    Results    Compared with SCI group, the BMS score of SCD group was significantly higher at 7 days after injury (P<0.05), and IL-6, IL-12A and TNF-α were significantly higher at 14 days after injury, while the expression of BDNF was significantly higher than that in SCI group (P<0.05). Compared with SCI group, the number of spinal cord anterior horn neurons in SCD group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the number of rAAV-retro retrograde labeled TA related motor neurons was also significantly increased (P<0.05).    Conclusions    The sargentodoxa cuneata decoction can significantly down-regulate the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-12A and TNF- α to play an anti-inflammatory role and up-regulate the expression of BDNF, so as to protect motor neurons and promote the recovery of motor function in mice after spinal cord injury. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Effects of cannabidiol on AQP4 expression in brain tissue of rats with traumatic brain injury Wu Deye, Cao Yan, Li Hengxi, Wu Douwei, Li Jiali, Ling Tenghan, Wu Haiying, Li Ping Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 178-181.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.10 Abstract （103）      PDF（pc） （1812KB）（105）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To explore the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in the brain tissue of rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its time-course change pattern, and to explore the intervention effect of cannabidiol (CBD) on AQP4.     Methods    The TBI model of rats was prepared by the modified “Feeney free fall method”, and then randomly divided into six injury groups and six CBD intervention groups at 8 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 5 d, and 7 d after injury. The normal control group (Control group) and the sham operation group (Sham group) were also established. Immunofluorescence single-label staining and Western blotting were used to observe the expression of AQP4 protein in the injured lateral cortical area in each group of rats.   Results  Immunofluorescence staining result showed that compared with Sham group, AQP4 positive expression gradually increased over time after TBI injury, peaked at 3 d and then decreased at 5 d and 7 d (P<0.05), but still higher than that of Sham group. AQP4 positive expression decreased at 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, and 5 d after CBD intervention (P<0.05). Western blotting result showed that compared with Sham group, AQP4 protein expression increased at 8 h, 1 d, 2 d, and 3 d after TBI injury (P<0.05). AQP4 protein expression decreased after CBD intervention (P<0.05).    Conclusions    TBI can increase the expression of AQP4, reaching a peak at 3 d. While CBD can inhibit the overexpression of AQP4, the effect of intervention on 1 d, 2 d, and 3 d is the most obvious. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Effects of streptozotocin on spermatogenic function and testicular m6A methylase expression in diabetic mice Meng Xingqi, Deng Jing, Peng Lixuan, Zhang Yuan, Lin Yi, Zhou Xiaobing, Cao Wenyu, Li Suyun Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 182-186.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.11 Abstract （106）      PDF（pc） （2250KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To investigate the effects of streptozotocin (STZ) on spermatogenic function and testicular m6A methylase expression in diabetic mice.    Methods   Twenty 8-week-old male ICR mice were randomly divided into a vehicle control group (NS) and a model group (STZ), and an animal model of diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Blood glucose and body weight changes were measured on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th week after STZ injection. On the 8th week, testes and epididymis were weighed and the number of sperm was also counted, HE staining was then used to detect sperm motility and testicular morphology changes. Real-time PCR and Western blotting methods were used to detect the expression level of m6A methylase mRNA and protein in the testis of each group of mice.    Results   Compared with the NS group, the fasting blood glucose was significantly increased and body weight was significantly decreased in the model group (P<0.01), the weight of the testis and epididymis was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the number of sperm was significantly decreased (P<0.05); the morphological structure of the testis was destroyed, the seminiferous tubules shrinked, the diameter of the lumen became smaller, the arrangement of spermatogenic cells at all levels was disordered, and the number of sperm in the lumen decreased; the expression of testicular m6A methylases METTL3, FTO, and YTHDF3 mRNA were significantly decreased (P<0.05); the expression of METTL3 and FTO protein were significantly reduced (P<0.05).    Conclusions   The spermatogenesis disorder in STZ-induced diabetic mice may be related to the abnormal expression of m6A methylase METTL3 and FTO in the testis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Analysis on the differential expression of mRNA in the dura mater of Ovis aries and the potential signaling pathways affecting cell migration Wang Menghui, GaoYan, Ye Xiaojian, Zhang Chunyang, Shao Guo, Wu Qirun Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 187-193.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.12 Abstract （85）      PDF（pc） （5880KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To explore the differentially expressed genes of the suture dura compared with the normal subcranial dura and the mechanism of the suture dura mater on the migration of cranial suture cells, so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical suture premature closure.    Methods    Six 51-day- old Ovis aries were selected. The dura mater under the cranial suture and non-cranial suture were extracted, respectively. The second-generation sequencing was used to detect the differential expression of mRNA in the dural cells of different parts of the Ovis aries in the developmental stage. The biological information were analyzed. The changes of mRNA expression in the sequencing results were verified by Real-time PCR.    Results    Through the analysis of the biological information of the differential expression up-regulation genes shared by the dura mater at the suture and the dura below the skull, it was found that the up-regulation of the dura at the suture, relative to the dura below the skull, was mainly focused on cell migration, vascular bundle formation, and extracellular matrix production. The most enriched cell pathway was PI3K-AKT cell signaling pathway. Validation of the PI3K signaling pathway gene with high expression in the dura showed that the expression of PI3K-AKT cell signaling pathway in the dura below the suture was higher than that of the normal skull, and it was statistically significant (P<0.05).    Conclusions    The PI3K-AKT cell signaling pathway expression level in the dura at the suture is significantly increased compared with that below the skull, which may be related to the proliferation and migration function of the PI3K-AKT cell signaling pathway. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select microRNA-3651 overexpression inhibiting the growth and invasion of human tongue cancer CAL27 cells by mediating nuclear factor κB signaling pathway Lv Yanli , Ba Kai, Fang Zheng Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 194-199.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.13 Abstract （94）      PDF（pc） （3884KB）（10）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To explore the mechanism of microRNA (miR)-3651 overexpression on inhibiting the growth and invasion of human tongue cancer CAL27 cells by mediating nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway.     Methods    CAL27 cells in logarithmic growth phase were divided into a miR-3651 mimic group, a mimic-NC group and a control group. The level of miR-3651 in each group after transfection was detected by fluorescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The cell vitality in each group was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The invasion ability of cells in each group was detected by Transwell. The migration ability of cells in each group was detected by scratch assay. The formation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in each group was observed under light microscope. The expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 was detected by Western Blot.    Results    There was no  statistically significant difference in miR-3651 level, activity of cells vitality, number of invasion cells, cells migration rate and cells morphology between mimic-NC group and control group (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 proteins (P>0.05). Compared with the mimic-NC group, in the miR-3651 mimic group, miR-3651 level was significantly increased (P<0.05), cells vitality were significantly decreased at 2d, 3d, 4d after cell culture (P<0.05), number of invasion cells and cells migration rate were significantly decreased (P<0.05), expression of E-cadherin protein was significantly increased (P<0.05), expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 proteins were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and EMT formation under microscope was decreased.   Conclusions   miR-3651 overexpression can inhibit the growth and invasion of CAL27 cells, and its action mechanism may be related to the inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Effect of miR-181a on the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons induced by sevoflurane by regulating the sirt1 pathway Li Linan, Ding Hanlin, Liu Jinchuan Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 200-206.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.14 Abstract （88）      PDF（pc） （5195KB）（7）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To explore the effect of miR-181a on the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons induced by sevoflurane and its mechanism.  Methods  The relationship between miR-181a and silent information regulator 1 (sirt1) was verified. The effect of sevoflurane on miR-181a expression and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons was detected. Hippocampal neurons were transfected with 3% sevoflurane Alkane treatment for 4 h. They were divided into the following group: a blank group, a miR-NC group, a miR-181a group, an anti-miR-NC group, an anti-miR-181a group, an anti-miR-NC+si-NC group, an anti-miR-181a +si-NC group and an anti-miR-181a+si-sirt1 group. The expression of sirt1, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), sirt1 protein, miR-181a and apoptosis of cells in each group were detected. The changes of neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus were detected after sevoflurane treatment or simultaneous inhibition of miR-181a and sirt1 expression by in vivo experiments.    Results   miR-181a regulated the expression of sirt1 by targeting. After sevoflurane treatment, the expression of miR-181a and the apoptosis rate in hippocampal neurons increased (P<0.05). Up-regulation of miR-181a inhibited the expression of sirt1 protein and promoted the expression of NF-κB protein, while inhibiting miR-181a showed the opposite trend (P<0.05). In vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that silencing sirt1 attenuated the inhibitory effect of down-regulated miR-181a on sevoflurane-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons.  Conclusions Silencing miR-181a inhibits hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by activating the sirt1/NF-κB pathway in hippocampal neurons treated with sevoflurane. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Effects of miRNA-130a-3p on cardiomyocyte injury through regulating NF-κB signaling pathway Miao Yingying, An Leilei, Fu Shengqi Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2023, 41 (2): 207-211.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.2.15 Abstract （102）      PDF（pc） （3915KB）（13）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To investigate the role and possible mechanism of miRNA-130a-3p in cardiomyocyte injury induced by LPS.    Methods    H9C2 cells were divided into the following four groups: a normal control group, a LPS model group, a miRNA negative control group and a miRNA-130a-3p mimics group. The expression level of miRNA-130a-3p mRNA in each group was detected by RT-qPCR. The CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell activity in each group. The contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were detected by ELISA assay. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of NF-κBp65, IκBα, Bax, Bcl-2 and Cleaved-Caspase-3.    Results    The results of RT-qPCR showed that the level of miRNA-130a-3p mRNA in the LPS model group was significantly lower than that in normal control group. The results of CCK-8 showed that the cell activity of LPS group was significantly lower than that of normal control group, while compared with the LPS group, the cell activity in miRNA-130a-3p mimics group increased significantly. The results of ELISA showed that the contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in cell culture medium of LPS group were significantly higher than those of normal control group, while compared with the LPS group, the contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in cell culture medium of miRNA-130a-3p mimics group decreased significantly. The results of Western blot showed that compared with normal control group, the protein expression levels of NF-κBp65, Bax and Cleaved-Caspase-3 increased significantly in the LPS group , while the protein expression levels of IκBα and Bcl-2 decreased significantly. Compared with the LPS group, the protein expression levels of NF-κBp65, Bax and Cleaved-Caspase-3 decreased significantly, while the protein expression levels of IκBα and Bcl-2 increased significantly in miRNA-130a-3p mimics group.    Conclusions    miRNA-130A-3P can inhibit cell apoptosis, improve cell activity and reduce the release of inflammatory factors, so as to alleviate cardiomyocyte injury induced LPS, through inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）