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Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy 2024 Vol.42 Please wait a minute... For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails Select Application of three-dimensional visualization technology in the anatomical variations of hilar bile ducts in Chinese population  Jiang Jianhong, Duan Renpeng, Li Xiaofeng Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 1-4.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.01 Abstract （149）      PDF（pc） （1975KB）（114）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    This study is aimed to explore the walking of biliary system and the characteristics of anatomic variation, by reconstructing the three-dimensional model of biliary system in Chinese people.     Methods    According to the abdominal CT data of 100 patients who suffer from obstructive disease of biliary tract, three-dimensional models were reconstructed by using the Hisense computer-aided surgery (CAS) system，and were used to analyze the movement of intrahepatic biliary system. The biliary tract was classified according to Huang’s classification, that is the confluent mode of right posterior bile duct, right anterior bile duct and left hepatic duct, and the presence or absence of accessory hepatic duct.   Results   The three-dimensional models of bile ducts were successfully reconstructed in 100 Chinese patients. Seven types of biliary ducts can be observed. 54 cases (54%) had typical biliary tract anatomy (type I). 46 cases (46%) had anatomical variations, of which 10 cases (10%) were type II variants, 14 cases (14%) were type III variants, 10 cases (10%) were type IV variants, 2 cases (2%) were type V variants, and 2 cases (2%) were type VI variants. In addition, 8 cases (8%) had accessory hepatic ducts, of which 6 cases were accompanied by other variants.    Conclusions   The path and variation characteristics of biliary system can be identified clearly, by reconstructed Chinese biliary system in three dimensions. To discover news types of biliary tract variation can guide clinical diagnosis and treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Evaluation of placental vascular structure in preeclampsia by vascular casting combined with CT three-dimensional model Guo Hongzhi, Wang Yu, Zhang Jiaqi, Liang Haibin, Ma Ziwei, Feng Wei, Wu You, Si Ziyi Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 5-10.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.02 Abstract （100）      PDF（pc） （7840KB）（45）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To study the vascular casting and CT digital three-dimensional structure model of placental vessels in preeclampsia, and statistically analyze the anatomical characteristics of placental vessels in preeclampsia, so as to provide technical data for clinical prediction of preeclampsia.  Methods  Totally 134 cases of placentas with gestational weeks ≥ 34 weeks (68 normal placenta, among 66 preeclampsia, 36 were mild and 30 were severe ) were randomly collected from November 2018 to June 2020. The placental vascular cast models were constructed by adding barium sulfate as a contrast agent to the self-coagulating denture powder. Then, the placental vascular cast models were scanned by CT and digital three-dimensional structure models were obtained. The number of placental arteriovenous grades, the diameters of various branches and the volume of placental arteriovenous vessels in the cast models were measured and compared.   Results   The placental vascular volume and placental vein volume of late-onset severe preeclampsia were smaller than those of normal group and mild preeclampsia group (P<0.05). Compared with the placentas of normal group and mild preeclampsia in the same period, the placentas of late-onset severe preeclampsia had fewer grades of placental veins and narrower branches (P<0.05),  the number of placental artery grades in late-onset severe preeclampsia group decreased and the diameter of the third and fourth branches of the artery became smaller (P<0.05).    Conclusions   Vascular casting combined with CT 3D model is helpful to understand the vascular structure of placenta in preeclampsia intuitively and comprehensively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select X-ray measurement of proximal femur anatomical parameters in Mongolian population  Li Jiawei, Zhang Jing, Li Canran, Lan Wenjie, Ji Qingyu, Guo Zhiyong, Zhang Yunfeng, Liu Qi, Chen Qingwei, Li Xiaohe Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 11-16.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.03 Abstract （93）      PDF（pc） （2664KB）（62）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To measure the morphological parameters of the proximal femur in Mongolian population and to provide reference for prosthesis design, improvement and preoperative prosthesis selection. Methods    A total of 331 mongolian patients who received femur radiographs in the three tertiary hospitals were randomly selected, including 152 males, and 179 females. Huahai PACS system was used to measure femoral head diameter (FHD), femoral offset (FO), femoral neck shaft Angle (FNSA), medullary transverse diameter at the lesser trochanter (T0), Medullary transverse diameter at the 20 mm above lesser trochanter (T+20), medullary transverse diameter at the 20 mm below lesser trochanter (T-20), medullary transverse diameter of isthmus, canal flare index (CFI) and metaphyseal canal flare index (MCFI). SPSS25.0 was used to analyze the gender differences of these parameters and their correlation with age, and the differences between the femoral parameters of the Mongolian population and domestic and foreign regions were mainly compared. Results   (1) The MCFI was larger in females, and there were no significant differences in FNSA and CFI between genders, while the other result of parameters were larger in males. (2) The inner diameter of the medullary cavity at T-20 level and isthmus level was positively correlated with age, CFI and MCFI were negatively correlated with age, and the other parameters were not correlated with age. (3) The anatomical parameters of proximal femur in Mongolian population were different from those in different regions at home and abroad. Compared with the southern population in China, the FHD, FO, the inner diameter of the medullary cavity at T0 level, T+20 level, T-20 level and isthmus level were larger in Mongolian population, while the FNSA, CFI and MCFI were smaller.   Conclusions   Compared with the southern population, the Mongolian population had larger FHD, FO, wider inner diameter of the proximal femoral medulla cavity, smaller FNSA, CFI and MCFI. Preoperative selection and design of prostheses should take into account the differences between different regions and nationalities. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Digital measurement and clinical significance of occipitocervical Angle and posterior occipitocervical Angle in children and adolescents Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 17-20.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.04 Abstract （89）      PDF（pc） （867KB）（62）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To study the changes of occipitocervical Angle (OC2A) and posterior occipitocervical Angle (POCA) in children and adolescents with age and gender, so as to provide theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of occipitocervical fusion.    Methods    The imaging data of 321 cases (213 males and 108 females) were retrospectively studied and divided into 6 groups according to sex and age, including 1~3 year-old group, 4~6 year-old group, 7~9 year-old group, 10~12 year-old group, 13~15 year-old group and 16~18 year-old group. The original cervical tomography data were stored in DICOM format and imported into Mimics 16.0 to analyze the OC2A and POCA.   Results   By analyzing OC2A and POCA in different age groups, it was found that the peak values of OC2A and POCA were (18.15±5.63) ° and (124.94±14.63) °, respectively in the 10-12 year-old group, and then showed a wavy downward trend. There were significant differences in OC2A between 10-12 year-old and 1-3 year-old and between 13-15 year-old and 10-12 year-old (P<0.05). There were  significant differences in POCA between the 7-9 year-old group and the 10-12 year old group, the 13-15 year old group and the 16~18 year old group (P<0.05). There was no gender difference in OC2A and POCA between males and females (P>0.05). In correlation analysis, there was a negative correlation between OC2A and POCA (r =-0.28, P=0.000).    Conclusions    In the clinical treatment of occipitocervical fusion, only age differences can be considered, without considering gender differences. This study, through the systematic study of occipitocervical Angle and posterior occipitocervical Angle in children and adolescents, also provides theoretical basis for the Angle selection of OC2A and POCA in posterior occipitocervical fusion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Morphological characteristics and clinical significance of Lisfranc ligament based on MRI Li Wen, Yang Siyi, Huang Lei, Qing Jiwen, Jiang Songtao, Zhang Lei Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 21-25.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.05 Abstract （80）      PDF（pc） （2149KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To explore the morphological characteristics of Lisfranc ligament and its anatomical relationship with adjacent bones based on MRI, so as to provide imaging reference for the diagnosis and treatment of Lisfranc ligament injury.    Methods    The MRI imaging data of 232 outpatients and inpatients in the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University were retrospectively analyzed, and the morphological data of Lisfranc ligament was measured, including the width and length, distance from the ending point of Lisfranc ligament to lateral margin of the second metatarsal bone, distance from origin of Lisfranc ligament to the medial margin of cuneiform bone, angles between the ligament and the central axis of the first metatarsal bone, the central axis of medial cuneiform bone, and the central axis of the second metatarsal bone.   Results   The average width and length of Lisfranc ligament were (5.67±1.47) mm and (9.61±2.81) mm, respectively. The distance from the ending ponit of ligament to the lateral margin of the second metatarsal bone was (11.69±2.63)mm. The distance from the origin of ligament to the medial margin of cuneiform bone was (18.83±3.39) mm. The average angles between ligament and the central axis of the first metatarsal, central axis of the medial cuneiform bone, central axis of the second metatarsal bone were (51.75±11.01 )°, (38.93 ±11.40)°, (33.93 ±10.17) °, respectively.   Conclusions   In this study, the detailed MRI anatomical data of Lisfranc ligament and its anatomical relationship with adjacent bones were obtained, which can provide certain reference for MRI diagnosis, clinical diagnosis and surgical repair of  ligament injury, and avoid Lisfranc ligament injury caused by blind internal fixation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Therapeutic effect of shikonin on the treatment of granuloma lobular mastitis in model rats by regulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway Li Fanfan, Xu Yang, Wang Xiaoxu Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 26-32.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.06 Abstract （67）      PDF（pc） （3102KB）（24）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To explore the effect of shikonin (SHI) on the treatment of granuloma lobular mastitis in model rats by regulating nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2/heme oxygenase (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathway and its mechanism.   Methods   The rat model of granuloma lobular mastitis (GLM) was established. Rats were grouped into a control group, a model group (GLM group), a low-dose shikonin group (SHI-L group, 17.5 mg?kg-1·d-1 SHI), a medium-dose shikonin group (SHI-M group, 35 mg?kg-1·d-1 SHI), a high-dose shikonin group (SHI-H group, 70 mg?kg-1·d-1 SHI), and a high-dose shikonin+Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 group (SHI-H+ML385 group, 70 mg?kg-1·d-1 SHI+14 mg?kg-1·d-1 ML385). HE staining was applied to observe the pathological changes of breast tissue. ELISA was applied to detect the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, T-AOC, SOD, GSH, MPO, NAGas, and ROS in breast tissue. Immunofluorescence was applied to detect NLRP3 expression. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins.   Results Compared with the control group, the mammary lobule of rats in GLM group was completely destroyed, large nodular chronic granuloma inflammatory lesions were generated, the boundary of the mammary lobule tissue was unclear, vacuoles appeared in the glandular lobe, and accompanied by infiltration of a large number of lymphocytes and neutrophils. The levels of IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, ROS, MPO and NAGas, and the positive expression rate of NLRP3 were obviously increased (P<0.05), the levels of T-AOC, SOD, and GSH, and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins were obviously reduced (P<0.05). Compared with the GLM group, the breast tissue lesions in the SHI-L, SHI-M, and SHI-H groups gradually decreased, the levels of IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, ROS, MPO and NAGas, the positive expression rate of NLRP3 were sequentially reduced (P<0.05), the levels of T-AOC, SOD, and GSH, and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins were sequentially increased (P<0.05). Compared with the SHI-H group, the SHI-H+ML385 group had more severe breast tissue lesions, the levels of IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, ROS, MPO and NAGas, and the positive expression rate of NLRP3 were obviously increased (P<0.05), the levels of T-AOC, SOD, and GSH, and the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins were obviously reduced (P<0.05).   Conclusions   Shikonin can improve granulomatous lobular mastitis in rats by exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which may be related to the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway and upregulation of HO-1 expression. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Ginsenoside Rg1 reduces the inflammatory response of microglia after oxygen glucose deprivation/resupply by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway Wang Xinghang, Ding Jiayuan, Li Fang, Bao Cuifen, Yan Lijing Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 33-41.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.07 Abstract （77）      PDF（pc） （9951KB）（24）       Knowledge map    Save Objective     To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the inflammatory response of microglia cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation/resupply injury through NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, and to further investigate its anti-inflammatory mechanism.   Methods    BV-2 microglia were randomly divided into six groups: No treatment group (Con), oxygen glucose deprivation/resupply group (OGD/R), ginsenoside Rg1 low, medium and high dose groups (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mmol/L, Rg1L, Rg1M, Rg1H), MCC950 control group (0.05 mmol/L, MCC950). The cell proliferation was detected by CCK8. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to detect the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related protein in BV-2 microglia after treatment with different concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 and MCC950 for 48 h. The expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in BV-2 microglia were detected by ELISA.    Results    Compared with Con group, Iba-1 green fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm of BV-2 microglia cells treated with hypoxia and glucose deficiency/resupply. After OGD/R treatment of BV-2 microglia for 2h, the proliferation rate of BV-2 microglia cells showed an obvious downward trend after 48 h culture with different concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 and MCC950. There were significant positive expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in the OGD/R group. The NLRP3 protein expression in Rg1L, Rg1M and Rg1H groups was significantly decreased, and the expression decreased with the increasing of drug concentration. The results showed that compared with OGD/R group, ginsenoside Rg1 and MCC950 inhibited the expression of NLRP3 in activated BV-2 microglia cells (P<0.01). Conclusions    Ginsenoside Rg1 may inhibit the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18, thus inhibiting the inflammatory response by inhibiting the expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and interfering with NLRP3 inflammasome synthesis.   Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Activation and functional changes of astrocytes cultured in vitro under inflammatory stimulation Cheng Yingying, Wu Jianjun, Cai Haiyan , Jiao Xunwen, Ma Jiangbo, Ding Yinxiu Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 42-46.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.08 Abstract （66）      PDF（pc） （4856KB）（21）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To observe the activation and functional changes of astrocytes cultured in vitro under inflammatory stimulation.   Methods   Astrocytes from the cortex of C57BL/6 mice were isolated and cultured in vitro, the changes of astrocyte morphology were observed by immunocytochemistry and the expression levels of proinflammatory factors (iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory factors (ARG1, IL-10, TGF-β1) were determined by Western blot protein analysis.   Results   After inflammatory stimulation, immunofluorescence cell staining showed that astrocytes in M1（LPS+IFN-γ） group were abnormally activated, cell body swelling, enlargement, distortion and other morphological changes were also obvious, and the number of GFAP positive astrocytes in M1 group were evidently increased (P<0.001 vs. control). CCK-8 test showed that compared with the control group, the absorbance values of LPS group, IFN-γ group and M1 group were increased, especially the absorbance values of M1 group was significantly increased (P<0.001 vs. control). Western blot results showed that the expression levels of iNOS, IL-6 and TNF-α in M1 group were markedly increased after LPS and IFN-γ combined stimulation (P<0.001 vs. control). The expression levels of anti- inflammatory factors (ARG1, IL-10 and TGF-β1) in each group were also significantly upregulated (P<0.01 or 0.001 vs. control).    Conclusions    Under inflammatory stimulation, the cultured-astrocytes in vitro can be abnormally activated, its morphological and functional changes are distinct, and the expression level of A1-like inflammatory factors in astrocytes are increased.   Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Edaravone regulates Sirt3 expression in lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia via MAPKs signaling pathway Qi Zhi, Yang Li, Jia Qiuye, Chen Haolun, Duan Zhaoda, Wu Chunyun Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 47-53.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.09 Abstract （67）      PDF（pc） （6774KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To investigate the effect of edaravone on Sirt3 and MAPKs pathway-related proteins in LPS-activated microglia and its regulatory mechanism. Methods  Western Blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the effect of edaravone on the protein expression of Sirt3 and MAPKs pathway-related proteins ERK1/2, P38, JNK as well as their phosphorylated forms p-ERK1/2, p-P38 and p-JNK in the activated BV2 cells. Western Blot techniques were applied to detect the effects of ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor on the expressions of p-ERK1/2 and Sirt3.   Results   The expressions of Sirt3, p-ERK1/2, p-P38 and p-JNK in microglia were significantly increased after BV2 cells activation. Edaravone promoted the expression of Sirt3 and p-ERK1/2 and downregulated the expression of p-JNK and p-P38. The protein expression of Sirt3 and p-ERK1/2 decreased after co-treatment with edaravone and ERK1/2 inhibitor. Edaravone promoted the overexpression of Sirt3 and p-ERK1/2 and downregulated the expression of p-JNK and p-P38. Conclusions    Edaravone can regulate MAPKs signaling pathway and promote Sirt3 production in BV2 cells, possibly regulates neuroinflammatory responses via ERK/Sirt3 signaling pathway. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Protective effect of Baicalin on rats with pulmonary hypertension through PDGF/P38 MAPK signaling pathway Zhang Jingjing, Wang Hongxin Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 54-58.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.10 Abstract （65）      PDF（pc） （3898KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Baicalin on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats.    Methods   Forty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group, a pulmonary hypertension group, a baicalin 50 mg·kg-1 group and a baicalin 100 mg·kg-1 group. A single intraperitoneal injection of  monocrotaline (60mg/kg) was used to establish the pulmonary hypertension model. After injection of  monocrotaline, baicalin was gavage continuously for 28 days. Right ventricular catheterization method was used to detect RVSP and mPAP. The levels of SOD, GSH-px, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-8 and IL-1β in serum were detected by ELISA. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung tissue was observed by DHE staining. The expression of bax and bcl-2 in lung tissue were detected by immunofluorescence. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of PDGF and P38 MAPK.   Results   Compared with the model group, mPAP, RVSP, RVHI and W/D were significantly decreased, and the contents of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-8 and IL-1β in serum were significantly decreased, the contents of bcl-2, SOD and GSH-px were increased significantly in the Baicalin group. The contents of ROS, bax, PDGF and P38 MAPK and the level of bax/bcl-2 ratio in lung tissue were significantly decreased in the Baicalin group.    Conclusions   Baicalin may play a protective role in improving inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis of rats with pulmonary hypertension through PDGF/P38 MAPK signaling pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Effect of Bletilla striata polysaccharides on the choke-area of cross-boundary flap in rats Yue Qin, Chen Rongli, Xiong Jingxi, Wang Tingyi, Cai Zhiheng, Yi Qiushi, Zeng Xinyi Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 59-64.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.11 Abstract （67）      PDF（pc） （3284KB）（44）       Knowledge map    Save Objective     To investigate the effect and mechanism of Bletilla striata polysaccharides on the choke-area of cross-boundary skin flap in rats.   Methods   Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group, was given physiological saline; a treatment group, was given physiological saline solution of Bletilla striata polysaccharides. The thoracodorsal artery and posterior intercostal artery were ligated surgically, preserving the iliac lumbar artery. The survival rate of the flap was counted at 7 days after operation. The growth of choke artery was observed by angiography. The microvessel density and arterial intraluminal diameter of choke area were observed by HE staining microscope, and the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein in the flap tissue of choke area was detected by Western blot.    Results    At day 7 after operation, the survival rate of the flap in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group[(86.1±1.4)% vs (61.3±4.0)%, P<0.0001].The diameter of the iliopsoas artery in the treatment group was thicker than that of the control group(681.60±35.48 vs 446.98±21.61μm, P<0.0001), and the blood vessels extended longer towards the distal end of the flap(6.50±0.33 vs 5.41±0.38 cm，P<0.0001). The microvessel density in choke area was higher in the treatment group [(11.8±1.5) vs (6.7±1.3), P<0.0001], with a larger arterial lumen diameter in choke area(60.14±6.99 vs 28.01±5.07μm, P<0.0001). The expression level  of VEGF protein increased (P<0.0001).    Conclusions    Bletilla polysaccharides can promote the survival of flap, through the regulation of  angiogenesis, dilation and VEGF expression in the Chokearea.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Finite element study on the treatment of Sanders type II calcaneal fracture with three-step reduction method Li Xiaoyu , Zhang Lei , Fu Lei , Li Dongbo , Wang Guoyou Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 65-70.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.12 Abstract （82）      PDF（pc） （3795KB）（30）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To explore the feasibility and scientificity of the three-step reduction method for treating Sanders type II calcaneal fracture, and to promote the optimization of the treatment plan for calcaneal fracture.    Methods   Using the CT data of healthy adult male ankle joints, normal ankle model and Sanders type II calcaneal fracture model were constructed, and mechanical loading of the three-step reduction method was performed on the fracture model, simulating techniques such as traction, lifting and pressing, and pinching and joining ends. The reduction of the calcaneus before and after reduction was evaluated and the mechanical changes under different techniques were solved.   Results    Normal foot model and Sanders type II A/B/C calcaneal fracture model were established. The calcaneal length, height, width, Gissane’s angle, and Bohler’s angle were significantly corrected after manual loading and reduction. By solving the mechanical trends of different techniques, it was found that traction effectively corrected overlapping displacement, pressing and pushing focused on correcting anterior-posterior displacement, and squeezing the bone ends aimed at correcting medial-lateral displacement.    Conclusions   The three-step reduction method can effectively treat Sanders type II calcaneal fracture by correcting the fracture displacement and restoring the anatomical structure of the calcaneus in sequence, confirming the effectiveness and scientificity of this technique. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Study on the correlation between the reconstruction of grayscale values using CT post-processing technology and the compressive strength of the endplate Wu Yanfei, Ma Jianxiong, Lu Bin, Wang Ying, Bai Haohao, Jin Hongzhen, Ma Xinlong Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 71-76.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.13 Abstract （73）      PDF（pc） （4718KB）（17）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To explore the correlation between CT reconstruction values and endplate compression strength by using CT post-processing techniques.    Methods    After conventional CT scanning of five calf lumbar vertebrae, endplates were reconstructed by using CT post-processing techniques and the average CT value of five standardized test points was measured. The lumbar vertebrae were then dissected into 30 free vertebrae, and a 5 mm diameter flat-bottomed pressure head was used to perform uniaxial compression tests at a rate of 12 mm/min on standardized test points of bony endplates. The failure load values of each test point were determined based on the load-displacement curve to calculate the compressive strength. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to verify the consistency of the measurement results, and correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between CT reconstruction values and endplate compression strength.    Results    The intra- and inter-observer intraclass correlation coefficients of the reconstructed CT values and the compression strength of the calf vertebral test points were both greater than 0.9, and the reconstructed CT values and compression strength of the corresponding test points had a strong correlation (r>0.8, P<0.01).     Conclusions    There is a significant correlation between CT reconstruction values of endplates and their compression strength, which can be used as a reference index to assess endplate strength before surgery. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select An early and mid-term retrospective study of the effects of arthroscopy combined with high tibial osteotomy on patellar position and patellofemoral joint function Zhuang Wanqiang, Tang Yi, Luo Yonggang, Zhang Hui Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 77-82.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.14 Abstract （74）      PDF（pc） （3063KB）（70）       Knowledge map    Save Objective     To investigate whether the changes in patellar position affect patellofemoral joint function and functional outcomes or not.     Methods   Patients who underwent arthroscopy combined with high tibial osteotomy (ACHTO) from March 2018 to March 2021 were enrolled in a retrospective study. Arthroscopic diagnosis was performed during primary surgery and internal fixation removal, and the status of articular cartilage and clinical outcomes were compared. Imaging measurements were also taken to evaluate changes in patellar position. At the same time to explore the relationship between articular cartilage status and function.    Results    A total of 60 patients who received arthroscopy combined with high tibial osteotomy  were included in this study, including 18 male patients and 42 female patients, with an average age of (58.6±7.2) years and an average follow-up time of (26.8±8.5) months. After underwent ACHTO surgery, there was no statistical difference in the patellar height index ISI, and the BPI index changed from the preoperative (0.90±0.11) to (0.81±0.13). By secondary arthroscopy, the cartilage condition of the medial femoral condyle improved from 3.81 to 3.35 (P=0.005) and that of the medial tibial plateau from 3.75 to 3.48 (P=0.005) as assessed by the ICRS scoring system. The mean ICRS score of the lateral femoral condyle decreased from 0.15 to 0.43 (P=0.004), and the mean ICRS score of the lateral tibial condyle decreased from 0.38 to 0.96 (P<0.001). The average ICRS grading of the patellar side was 2.29-2.31 and the average ICRS grading of the femoral trochlea was 2.18-2.25. Knee functional scores were significantly improved compared with those before operation.  Conclusions    After arthroscopy combined with high tibial osteotomy, no obvious damage or degeneration of patellofemoral cartilage is observed. Moreover, the knee function, especially the patellofemoral joint function, was not affected by the change of patellar position. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Risk factors of postoperative complications of calcaneal fractures treated with hippocampal plate internal fixation through minimally invasive method  Luo Ying, Dou Weiyu, Wu Xiaohang, Chen Jingkun, Peng Changgui, Pan Jianying Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 83-88.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.15 Abstract （75）      PDF（pc） （1702KB）（19）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To investigate the factors influencing the postoperative complications of internal fixation of the tarsal sinus incision hippocampal plate for Sanders type II and III calcaneal fracture. Methods    A retrospective analysis of 85 patients with Sanders type II and III calcaneal fracture treated with tarsal sinus incision hippocampal plate internal fixation from January 2021 to April 2022 was performed. According to the postoperative complications, they were divided into a complication group and non-complication group. The non-complication group was defined as recovery to baseline function within 6 months after operation, doing normal work and daily activities, and no continuous need for analgesics. The complication group was defined as fracture complication requiring re-hospitalization, the use of a walking aid, and continuous analgesics. The risk factors for complications of Sanders II and III bone fractures were  analyzed by univariate and multifactorial methods.    Results    Multi-factorial logistic regression analysis result showed that time from fracture to surgery, Sander type III, postoperative B?hler angle, and DVBA were as independent risk factors for complications. Age was not associated with the development of postoperative complications.    Conclusions    Clinicians should be alert for postoperative complications in patients with Sander type III, poor postoperative B?hler angle recovery, and long fracture-to-operation time for calcaneal fracture.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Comparison of the efficacy of aspiration thrombectomy and thrombectomy with combined aspiration and stent retriever in the treatment of anterior circulation cerebral embolism Chen Junchen, Cao Wenying, Luo Yanjun, He Wanyi, Zhu Zhenzhen, Peng Zhiqiang Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 89-93.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.16 Abstract （67）      PDF（pc） （1096KB）（9）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To compare the efficacy and safety of aspiration thrombectomy and thrombectomy combined with aspiration and stent retriever for the treatment of anterior circulation cerebral embolism.    Methods   Patients with anterior circulation cerebral embolism and treated with emergency thrombectomy surgery at Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital from January 2020 to June 2022 were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups based on the thrombectomy method received: an aspiration thrombectomy group (40 cases) and a thrombectomy combined with aspiration and stent retriever group (64 cases). The NIHSS score, good prognosis rate (mRS score ≤ 2), post-thrombectomy vessel recanalization rate (mTICI score ≥ 2b), and perioperative complication rate were compared between the two groups.    Results    The change of NIHSS score from preoperative to postoperative, the good prognosis rate at the time of discharge and at 90 days after discharge,  the thrombectomy group were significantly better than those in the thrombectomy with combined aspiration and stent retriever group. There were no significant differences in the rates of successful vessel recanalization and adverse events between the two groups.    Conclusions   Compared with the thrombectomy combined with aspiration and stent retriever, aspiration thrombectomy may lead to better improvement in neurological function deficits and good prognosis rates for patients with anterior circulation cerebral embolism. There is no significant difference in the rates of successful vessel recanalization and perioperative complications between the two approaches. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Prospective clinical study on the effect of implant abutment materials on the soft and hard tissues around the implant Hu Shuohong, Zheng Xuebin, Li Fujie, Wang Hong Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 94-98.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.17 Abstract （65）      PDF（pc） （889KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To investigate the influence of different abutment materials on soft and hard tissues around implants.    Methods     A prospective study was conducted on 75 patients with a single anterior tooth defect requiring implant repair who were admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. The patients were randomly divided into three groups by using a random number table method, with 25 patients in each group. Different materials were used to implant and complete single crown repair, and they were divided into a pure titanium group, a zirconia group, and an alumina group. The implant retention rate, clinical periodontal indicators, implant marginal bone resorption, pink aesthetic index (PES), white aesthetic index (WES), oral health related quality of life, satisfaction, and incidence of complications among the three groups at 12 months after restoration were observed and compared.    Results    After 12 months of repair, the retention rates of implants in both the pure titanium group and the zirconia group were 100%, with no mechanical complications such as implant loosening or detachment. In the alumina group, there was one abutment fracture, with a retention rate of 96.0%. There was no significant difference in PD, SBI, and PFI among the three groups (P>0.05), while the PLI of the zirconia group was significantly lower than that of the pure titanium and alumina groups (P<0.05). The bone resorption at the implant edge in the zirconia and alumina groups was lower than that in the pure titanium group (P<0.05). There was significant differences in the pink aesthetic index among the three groups (P<0.05), with zirconia group>alumina group>pure titanium group. There was no significant difference in the white aesthetic index and the quality of life related to oral health among the three groups of patients (P>0.05). Among the three groups of patients, the satisfaction of the zirconia group was higher than that of the other two groups. There was no significant difference in the total incidence of biological complications among the three patients (P>0.05).   Conclusions   For anterior dental implant restoration, the short-term retention rate, clinical biological effects, and overall patient satisfaction of using three types of material abutments are comparable. Compared with pure titanium abutments, using zirconia and alumina abutments for implant restoration reduces bone resorption at the edges. The use of zirconia abutments has the best aesthetic effect, and patients are more satisfied with the aesthetic effect.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Feasibility of abdominal CT angiography with high concentration and low velocity contrast agent combined with low tube voltage Zhou Wei, Shi Qianqian, Li Gai, Chen Weibin Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 99-103.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.18 Abstract （55）      PDF（pc） （2259KB）（19）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To explore the feasibility of using high concentration and low flow rate contrast agents combined with low tube voltage injection in abdominal aortic CTA.    Methods    Four hundred and thirty patients with abdominal aortic CT angiography were retrospectively collected and divided into group A (215 cases) and group B (215 cases). Group A was treated with iopamidol (370 mgI/ml) and administered at 400 mgI/kg, with a flow rate of 5 ml/s and a tube voltage of 120 kV. Group B was treated with lomeprol (400 mgI/ml) and administered at 300 mgI/kg, with a flow rate of 4 ml/s and a tube voltage of 100 kV. The image quality score, CT values of abdominal aorta and branches, effective radiation dose, and other indicators between the two groups were compared.    Results   Compared with Group A, the renal artery vascular display grading and image quality score in group B were better,  the CT values of the abdominal aorta, abdominal trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, and left and right renal arteries were higher, the radiation dose significantly decreased from (3.94±0.62) to (12.25±1.19) mSv (P<0.05), the total amount of iodine injected was less and the incidence of contrast agent extravasation was lower, all P<0.05. There was no statistical difference in signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio between the two groups (P>0.05) Conclusions    The combination of high concentration, low flow rate contrast agent and low tube voltage scheme can effectively reduce the risk of radiation dose, total injected iodine and contrast agent extravasation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Clinical characteristics and progress in diagnosis and treatment of cervical rheumatoid arthritis Yu Xincheng, Zha Dingsheng, He Shaojie , Zhao Zhenyu , Cai Xingda Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 104-108.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.19 Abstract （77）      PDF（pc） （1529KB）（78）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Double branch variation of the left brachiocephalic vein: a case report Li Shuhan, Liu Huanyu Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 108-.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.23 Abstract （102）      PDF（pc） （1197KB）（76）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Research Progress of Relationship Between Gut Microbiome and Osteoporosis Lin Jie, Jin Yong, Pang Qingjiang Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 109-111.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.20 Abstract （87）      PDF（pc） （520KB）（15）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select A review of biomechanical studies of wrist after total wrist arthroplasty Zhang Yue, Cai Xingbo, Zhang Bihuan, Wang Bin, Xu Yongqing Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 112-114.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.21 Abstract （72）      PDF（pc） （484KB）（35）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Research progress on the anatomy and clinical application of masseter muscle Chen Ren, Yang Shengbo Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (1): 115-117.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.1.22 Abstract （84）      PDF（pc） （501KB）（45）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anatomical measurement of the new double-threaded pedicle screw in the lower cervical spine Liu Zihao, Liu Jiaming, Yan Jinxiang, Wu Jiabao, Huang Shanhu, Zhang Zhihong, Liu Zhili Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 121-125.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.01 Abstract （109）      PDF（pc） （1677KB）（63）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To provide theoretical basis for the design of new double threaded pedicle screws, by measuring the anatomical parameters of cervical vertebrae in normal people.   Methods    A total of 100 healthy individuals were collected and the cervical spine CT scan were completed. The length of bilateral pedicle screw insertion path (including intra-vertebral length, pedicle length, and vertebral plate length, as reference for pedicle screw length design), insertion abduction angle, and width and height of pedicle isthmus (as reference for pedicle screw diameter design) of C3~7 on CT scan. The mean value and quartile of each measurement result were calculated.   Results   Basic information of 100 adult healthy volunteers, including height, age, weight, and comorbidities, including 54 males and 46 females, with an average age of 35.95 years were recorded. From the CT scan of C3~7, there was no statistical difference between the left and right sides of each parameter (P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in male and female (P>0.05). The average length of the vertebral body in the lower cervical pedicle screw insertion path was (15.85±1.20)~(19.40±1.50) mm. The average length of the pedicle was (5.42±1.06)~(6.03±0.84) mm. The average length of the vertebral lamina was (9.52±1.15)~(10.33±1.58) mm. The average range of nail insertion and abduction angle was (39.82±2.53) °~(42.56±2.50) °. The average width of the pedicle isthmus was (5.84±0.87)~(7.10±1.05) mm. The average height of the pedicle isthmus was (6.71±1.10)~(8.26±1.22) mm.   Conclusions    The measurement of the anatomical parameters related to C3~C7 pedicle screw fixation in normal people provides theoretical basis for the design of a new type of double-threaded pedicle screw. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Imaging measurement and feasibility analysis of C2/3 transarticular transpedicular screw Chen Junlin, Ma Xiangyang, Zou Xiaobao, Fu Suochao, Zhu Changrong, Deng Chenfu, Ma Rencai, Chen Zexing, Xia Hong Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 126-130.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.02 Abstract （117）      PDF（pc） （1704KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To measure the imaging indexes of C2/3 transarticular transpedicular screw, and analyze the feasibility of this screw placement technique.    Methods   The CT data of 120 thin slice CT scan were collected, including 75 males and 45 females. The entry point of the C2/3 transarticular transpedicular screw was set, that is, the entry point was at the intersection of the horizontal midline and the mid-lateral 1/3 vertical line of the lateral mass of the axis. The screw passed through the facet joint of C2/3 and the C3 lateral mass, from the lateral mass of the axis, and ended at the inferior edge of the pedicle of C3. The imaging data of C2/3 transarticular transpedicular screw were measured, including C3 pedicle width and height, screw channel length, introversion angle, head tilt angle and the narrowest width. The relationship between the measurement results was analyzed.    Results    The average width of C3 pedicle was 5.48mm, the average height was 6.82 mm, the average screw channel length was 18.68mm, the average introversion angle of screw channel was 20.46 °, the average head tilt angle was 50.1°, and the average width of the narrowest part was 2.80 mm. There was a positive correlation between C3 pedicle width and height (P=0.000). The length of screw channel was positively correlated with C3 pedicle width and height (P=0.000; P=0.000 ). The width of the narrowest part of screw channel was positively correlated with C3 pedicle width and height (P=0.000；P=0.000). In the measurement data of 240 cases, the screw placement could be completed if 3.5 mm diameter screws were used, and the screw was suitable for all patients.  Conclusions   C2/3 transarticular transpedicular screw is anatomically feasible and can be used as a supplementary technique for posterior screw rod internal fixation of upper cervical spine. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Digital anatomic study of the secure placement of screw on posterior column wall of acetabulum Zheng Yifan, Chen Jianan, Pei Xuan, Zhou Wei, Fang Zhixun, Cheng Yipeng, Liu Ximing Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 131-135.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.03 Abstract （72）      PDF（pc） （2411KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To digitally measure the relevant anatomical parameters of safe screw placement for posterior column wall of the acetabulum, so as to provide data reference for the clinical treatment of screw placement for posterior wall and/or posterior column fractures.   Methods   3D hip-bone models of 100 normal adults were reconstructed by Mimics 20.0. The acetabular posterior wall was divided into high posterior wall area involving the acetabular roof and the low posterior wall area without involving the acetabular roof. Sections M, D, E and N were obtained by cutting the high posterior wall area of the acetabulum, and sections F, G, H, I and J were obtained by cutting the low posterior wall area of the acetabulum. The following parameters were measured on each section: the angle and the length of the screw. Results    In the entry points 5.0 mm away from the acetabular edge on sections M, D, E and N, the maximum safe entry angles of screws for men and women should not exceed 80°, 70°, 60° and 50°, respectively, and the entry lengths for men and women should not exceed 40.0mm and 35.0mm, respectively. On sections F, G, H, I and J, the screw angles of 5.0 mm, 10.0 mm, 20.0 mm and 30.0 mm away from the acetabular edge should be less than 50°, 60°, 80° and 90°, respectively. On sections F to J, the screw lengths of male should be less than 40.0 mm, 35.0 mm, 30.0 mm, 30.0 mm and 40.0 mm, respectively, the screw lengths of female should be under 35.0 mm, 30.0 mm, 25.0 mm, 25.0 mm and 35.0 mm respectively.    Conclusions   Different insertion angles and lengths should be adopted at different insertion points in the posterior column wall of the acetabulum to avoid the screw entering into the hip cavity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anatomical features of the posterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament and clinical significance Yang Tao, Gao Zhuan, Liu Bingzhi, Li Wuchao, Sun Ruizhe, Lang Yuying, Li Jing Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 136-139.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.04 Abstract （133）      PDF（pc） （1611KB）（66）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To clarify the morphological features of the posterior bundle (PB) of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow joint, so as to provide reference for anatomy of elbow joint and surgical repairs of ligaments.     Methods    A total of 82 adult elbow joints were dissected and the characteristics of the PB were noted. The length, widths of the origin and insertion of the PB were measured with a vernier caliber. Results    (1)The PB was divided into four types according to the relation with the elbow joint capsule: ① typeⅠ, the anterior and posterior edges were located on the surface of the capsule and could be separated as a single ligament in 61% of cases. There was significant difference in length between male (20.92±2.59) mm and female (17.28±2.07) mm in this type (P=0.000, t=5.531). ② typeⅡ, the anterior edge of PB was fused with elbow joint capsule, while the posterior edge was thickened and free in 16% of cases. ③ type Ⅲ, the posterior edge of PB was fused with elbow joint capsule,  while the anterior edge was thickened and free in 18% of cases. ④ type Ⅳ, the anterior and posterior edges of PB could not be separated from the elbow joint capsule in 5%  of cases. (2) Types Ⅰand Ⅱ were more commonly occurred in male, while types Ⅰand Ⅲ were observed in female frequently. There was significant difference in type composition (c2=8.096,P=0.035).    Conclusions The new classification of the PB was proposed based on the supplement to the anatomy of UCL, which emphasized the relation with the joint  capsule of the elbow TypeⅡ~Ⅳ of PB maybe an important factor causing morphological variation. Gender difference should be considered when treating PB injury, so as to facilitate structural and functional recovery.   Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anatomical parameter analysis of lumbar basivertebral foramen in middle-aged and elderly based on MRI Zhuo Hang, Zhou Zelin, Wu Yu, Gong Yan, Song Zefeng, Yan Xianwei, Shen Zi, Lu Guoliang, Liang De, Jiang Xiaobing, Yu Xiang Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 140-144.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.05 Abstract （63）      PDF（pc） （1785KB）（44）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To provide further anatomical basis for lumbar vertebra operations by measuring anatomical parameters of lumbar vertebra basivertebral foramen (BF) based on sagittal MRI images.  Methods  Sagittal MRI images of 172 vertebral bodies of 43 adult patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine and Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from February 2018 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The PACS imaging system was used to measure the BF depth (BFD), BF height (BFH), Vertebral width (VW), the upper end of BF between the upper boundary and the endplate (VH1), the lower end of BF between the lower boundary and the endplate (VH2), and calculate the ratio of BFD to vertebral body width (BFD/VW) and the ratio of BFH to vertebral body height (BFH/VH).   Results   After comparing lumbar vertebrae, the STIR sequence showed that BFD (3.93±1.58mm) of L1 vertebrae was lower than BFD of L3 (5.26±2.34) mm and BFD of L4 (5.82±2.99) mm，which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Also in the STIR sequence, BFD/VW of L1(0.12±0.05) was lower than that of BFD/VW of L4(0.17±0.09) (P<0.05). Moreover, there were statistical differences in the comparison of BFD/VW in L1-L4 among the four groups (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the BFH/VH of each vertebral body (P>0.05). In the comparison between male and female, BFH of male L3(7.95±2.84) mm was higher than that of female L3(6.30±1.93) mm on T2WI, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). With the increasing of the vertebrae sequence, BFD showed a gradually increasing trend, and it was more obvious in the STIR sequence. BFH had no obvious fluctuation with the increasing of vertebral body sequence.    Conclusions   STIR sequence in sagittal MRI image can be used as the clinical measurement standard of BF in middle-aged and elderly patients, which providing anatomical reference for the selection of lumbar surgical treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Digital assessment of prosthesis position in hip replacement in Inner Mongolia Li Jiawei, Zhang Kai, Ding Liangjia, Wang Haiyan, Chen Qingwei, Liu Qi, Yu Xiaoming, Lan Wenjie, Li Xiaohe Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 145-152.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.06 Abstract （65）      PDF（pc） （4175KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To measure the position parameters of the prosthesis after hip arthroplasty in Inner Mongolia, and to understand the position distribution and anatomical reconstruction rate of the prosthesis in Inner Mongolia.   Methods   The X-ray data of  hip arthroplasty were collected from four tertiary hospitals in Inner Mongolia, aged 30-70 years, and 179 cases were finally. The image data was imported into the Mimics 21.0 software in JEPG format measured by multiple people’s repeated measurements and taking the average value, including acetabular prosthesis abduction angle, anteversion angle, hip rotation center position (vertical position, horizontal position), femoral offset, and leg length discrepancy, and the differences in the center of rotation of the hip joint and femoral offset between the operated side and the healthy side were compared, and the anatomical reconstruction rates of the above 6 parameters were counted.    Results   (1) The inter-observer and intra-observer correlation coefficients ranged from 0.84 to 0.99, showing good reliability. (2) There was no statistically significant difference in the femoral offset on the healthy side and the operated side, but there were statistically significant differences in the vertical position and horizontal position of the hip joint rotation center between the operated side and the healthy side (P<0.05), and compared with the healthy side, the center of rotation of the prosthesis on the operated side is shifted inwardly and upwardly. (3) The anatomical reconstruction rates of acetabular prosthesis abduction angle, anteversion angle, hip joint rotation center vertical position, horizontal position, femoral offset, and the leg length discrepancy were 79.90%, 77.70%, 43.02%, and 60.34%, 60.30%, 79.30%, respectively.   Conclusions   This study understands the distribution of prosthetic positions in hip arthroplasty in Inner Mongolia. It is difficult to achieve completely anatomical reconstruction after surgery. Among them, the anatomical reconstruction rate of the vertical position, horizontal position of the hip joint rotation center and femoral offset is low. Surgical methods need to be continuously improved to further narrow the difference between the two sides. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select 3D digital measurement of sacral shape and relative position of symphysis pubis in minors and its clinical significance  Fang Yuan, Kang Zhijie, Wang Haiyan, Sha Lirong, Li Xiaohe, Jin Feng, Qi Xin, Wang Yanchao, Zhang Yunfeng Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 153-158.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.07 Abstract （66）      PDF（pc） （2769KB）（79）       Knowledge map    Save   Objective    To provide basic reference for the formulation of photographic positions in line with the characteristics of sacral development of minors, optimization of sacral X-ray images and diagnosis of diseases by investigating the change rules of sacral morphology parameters and pubic symphysis position of minors aged 0~18 years in different age groups and genders.   Methods   The collected total abdominal CT scans from 0 to 18 years old were divided into 3 age groups according to age: 0 to 6 years old, 7 to 12 years old, and 13 to 18 years old. The data was imported by mimics 21.0 and 3D digital image reconstruction technology was used to analyze sacral slope (SS), sacral 1-2 inclination Angle (S1~2T), sacral kyphosis Angle (sacral kyphosis, SK), S2 anterior margin and Sacro4 caudal-1 tilt line Angle (α Angle), S1 upper endplate and S2 anterior margin Angle (β Angle), S4Co1 oblique line and S1 upper endplate Angle (θ Angle), the line between the pubic union and the lower margin of the sacrum and the Angle between the vertical line of the long axis of the body (Angle B).  The parameters in different genders and ages were compared.    Results    Angle B of sacral morphometry was greater in females than in males, and there was no significant difference in other parameters. There were significant differences in SS, SK, α, β, θ between 0~6 years old and 13~18 years old, and between 7~12 years old and 13~18 years old, but no significant differences in other age groups.    Conclusions    There was no gender difference in sacral morphology during the growth and development of juveniles. The Angle between the lower sacral margin and the superior symphysis of pubis is greater in juvenile females than in males. With the increasing of age, the degree of sacral tilt increased gradually, the degree of lower sacral tilt decreased. In order to obtain a clearer image of the sacrum the X-ray incidence Angle should be adjusted according to gender, age, and examination purpose. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anatomical features of the spinal canal in degenerative lumbar scoliosis and its correlation with spinal-pelvic parameters Wu Jiabao, Sun Bolin, Xing Kai, Zhang Ning, Zhou Rongping, Chen Jiangwei, Liu Zhili, Liu Jiaming Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 159-167.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.08 Abstract （54）      PDF（pc） （4603KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To analyze the change pattern and its correlation with spinal-pelvic parameters by measuring morphological parameters of the spinal canal in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS).    Methods    Fifty cases of DLS patients were collected. Cobb angle of lumbar bending, anterior lumbar convexity angle, position of the parietal vertebra, distance of parietal offset, rotation of the parietal vertebra, distance of lateral and anterior slip of the parietal vertebra, pelvic parameters PI, PT, SS, height, width and cross-sectional area of the intervertebral foramen on the concave and convex sides, cross-sectional area of the dural sac, transverse diameter and anterior-posterior diameter were measured on X-ray, CT and MRI, respectively. The patterns of morphological changes in the spinal canal and their correlation with spinal-pelvic parameters were analyzed.    Results   The parietal vertebra of DLS patients were located in the L2~L3 vertebra. The lowest spinal canal parameters were located at L4/5 level, the lowest intervertebral foramen parameters were located at L2/3 level. Morphological parameters of the spinal canal and intervertebral foramen at the L2/3 level correlated with age, cobb angle of lumbar bending, and distance of parietal offset in patients with DLS (P<0.05); while morphological parameters of the intervertebral foramen at the L5/S1 level were correlated with PI and SS (P<0.05).    Conclusions    The most narrowed spinal canal in DLS patients is mostly located at the L4/5 segment, while the most narrowed intervertebral foramen is mostly located at the L2/3 segment. There is a correlation between the degree of spinal canal stenosis and foraminal stenosis in the parietal region and spinal-pelvic parameters. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anatomic study of occlusive treatment of  scapulohumeral periarthritis  Yang Xianwen, Wang Fei, Cheng Fubin, Liao Liqing Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 168-173.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.09 Abstract （57）      PDF（pc） （7922KB）（60）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To provide anatomical basis for the treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis using the local steroid injection.  Methods  The literature of the injection method for the treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis by the local steroid injection were reviewed. The geometric relationship between the bone location markers and the lesion site was investigated by using 30 shoulder of three-dimensional models, and an improved method of local steroid injection was obtained. A modified method was used to perform closed injection on 34 antiseptic cadaver specimens, and the accuracy of the injection was verified by anatomy.   Results   1. The geometric relationship analysis showed that the needle was inserted into the anterior corner of the acromion, and the No.7 needle was fan-shaped, and the needle could reach almost the entire subacromial space. At the midpoint of the line between the apex of coracoid process and anterior corner of the acromion, the needle may be inserted into the joint cavity towards the humerus head. 2. Anatomically, it was found that there was a certain gap between the biceps brachii tendon and the anterior edge of greater tubercle, which could be the point of needle entry. 3. The accuracy of the improved injection method was 100%.   Conclusions   Familiarity with the geometric relationship and anatomical characteristics of the shoulder is helpful to improve the feasibility and accuracy of local steroid injection. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Screening and analysis of key genes in macrophages of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma  Hou Xiaorui, Li Haokun, Song Yifang, Chang Ruoshui, Xue Xiaolei, Zhang Qianbing, Wu Sha, Wang Nisha Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 174-180.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.10 Abstract （59）      PDF（pc） （11247KB）（9）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To analyze and screen potential key genes in macrophages of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by bioinformatics, and to provide a target for the prognosis of HNSCC. Methods    The macrophage population was captured by using uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) dimensionality reduction based on online database. Furthermore, T-distributed random neighbor embedding (tSNE) clustering was used to analyze the changes of cell population distribution in tumor tissue and normal tissue, and to screen the expression of differential genes. Monocle package was used to analyze the expression of key risk genes in cells at different developmental stages. The survival curve was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier Plotter online data platform. Spatial transcriptome technology was used to verify the expression mapping of key genes in tissues. Clinical samples were validated by multicolor fluorescence immunohistochemistry.   Results   Seven macrophage subgroups were captured, of which the first subgroup existed only in tumor tissue and SPP1 gene was highly enriched. The high expression of SPP1 tended to the M2-type polarization of macrophages and was in the terminal stage of cell differentiation. SPP1+ macrophages had active functions such as glycolysis, hypoxia, epithelialization, and angiogenesis. The expression of SPP1+ macrophages was negatively correlated with the prognosis of HNSCC patients.    Conclusions   SPP1 may be a valuable prognostic biomarker in HNSCC. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Comparison of the clinical outcomes between fresh embryo transfer and frozen-thawed embryo transfer in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol Sun Li, Li Xinxin, Li Yue, Ge Mingxiao, Ou Jianping, Ge Shuqi Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 181-185.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.11 Abstract （58）      PDF（pc） （2089KB）（4）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To compare the clinical outcomes of fresh embryo transfer and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-A) protocol.   Method   The clinical data of 2575 women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol cycle, including 1328 cases of fresh embryo transfer and 1247 cases of FET were retrospectively analyzed.    Results    The AMH level and AFC in the FET group were significantly higher than those in the fresh embryo transfer group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in other baseline characteristics between the two group (P>0.05). The FSH level on hCG day in the FET group was significantly lower than that in the fresh embryo transfer group, and E2, P level on hCG day in the FET group were significantly higher than those in the fresh embryo transfer group (P<0.05). The total number of oocytes retrieved, matured oocyte, high-quality embryos in the FET group were significantly higher than those in the fresh embryo transfer group (P<0.05). The mean number of embryos transfer in the FET group was significantly lower than that in the fresh embryo transfer group, the clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate and live birth rate in the FET group were significantly higher than those in the fresh embryo transfer group, the ectopic pregnancy rate and the multiple pregnancy rate in the FET group were significantly lower than those in the fresh embryo transfer group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of moderate-severe OHSS, miscarriage rate, incidence of GDM and gestational hypertension between the two groups (P>0.05). The singleton birth weight in the FET group was significantly higher than that in the fresh embryo transfer group, with statistical difference (P<0.05).    Conclusions   In the GnRH antagonist protocol cycle, FET can obtain good clinical outcome and can be used as an effective supplemental regimen. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Effect and mechanism of Phillyrin on acute lung injury in septic shock mice Zhang Fan, Wei Huanjie, Li Long, Ouyang Tao, Cai Juan, Liang Qiuling, Zeng Yuhui Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 186-190.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.12 Abstract （65）      PDF（pc） （1901KB）（9）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To investigate the impact of phillyrin on acute lung injury (ALI) in septic shock mice through autophagy mediated by adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70 S6 kinase(p70S6K) signal pathway.    Methods    Twelve mice were randomly selected as the control group, and the rest of the mice were injected intraperitoneally with 20 mg·kg-1 LPS to construct the model of septic shock, the mice with septic shock were randomly divided into a model group, an Experimental-L, -M, -H group (5 mg·kg-1, 10 mg·kg-1, 20 mg·kg-1 phillyrin), and an Experimental -H+compound C group (20 mg·kg-1 phillyrin+20 mg·kg-1 AMPK inhibitor compound C), there were 12 mice in each group. The lung dry weight and wet weight were weighed, and the W/D ratio was calculated; the levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in BALF, serum endotoxin (ET) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) of lung tissue were detected by ELISA; HE staining was applied to detect pathological changes of lung tissue; Western blot was applied to detect the expression of autophagic proteins microtubule-associated protein -light chain 3 (LC3-II/I), Beclin 1, Ras-associated GTP binding protein 7 (Rab7), lysosomal associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) and AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway proteins.    Results    In control group, model group, Experimental-L,-M,-H group and Experimental-H+compound C group LC3-II/I ratios were 1.43±0.14, 0.73±0.07, 0.81±0.07, 1.12±0.10, 1.39±0.13, 0.76±0.08, respectively. Beclin1 protein levels were 1.05±0.11, 0.43±0.05, 0.50±0.05, 0.76±0.08, 0.98±0.10, 0.46±0.05, respectively. Rab7 protein levels were 1.53±0.17, 0.67±0.06, 0.70±0.07, 1.04±0.10, 1.41±0.14, 0.69±0.06, respectively. LAMP2 protein levels were 1.47±0.15, 0.72±0.07, 0.81±0.08, 1.09±0.11, 1.35±0.13, 0.74±0.07, respectively. p-AMPK/AMPK protein levels were 0.95±0.05, 0.33±0.03, 0.39±0.04, 0.68±0.07, 0.91±0.09, 0.36±0.04, respectively. p-mTOR/mTOR protein levels were 0.28±0.02, 0.94±0.06, 0.88±0.07, 0.57±0.05, 0.30±0.03, 0.87±0.09, respectively. The protein levels of p70S6K were 0.32±0.07, 0.96±0.04, 0.90±0.07, 0.69±0.06, 0.38±0.04, 0.92±0.06, respectively. There were statistical differences between the model group and the control group (all P<0.05). There were statistical differences between Experimental-M, -H group and model group (all P<0.05). There were significant differences between Experimental-H+compound C group and Experimental-H group (all P<0.05).   Conclusions   Phillyrin may improve ALI in septic shock mice by regulating autophagy mediated by AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select The effect of tui na rolling on post-injury inflammation and fibrosis in rabbits in a model of blunt contusion of skeletal muscles Ruan Lei, Huang Bo, Wang Lanlan, Xue Huitian, Sun Menglong, Duan Miaomiao, Peng Liang Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 191-195.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.13 Abstract （60）      PDF（pc） （2758KB）（13）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To investigate the effect of tui na rolling method on the expression of relevant fibrosis proteins after blunt contusion injury of skeletal muscle in rabbits, and to explore the mechanism of action of tui na rolling method on the repair of blunt contusion injury of skeletal muscle.   Methods   Fifteen healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups of blank (A), model (B) and treatment (C), with five rabbits in each group. Blunt contusion of skeletal muscle was modelled in rabbits of groups B and C using a self-constructed modified gravity hammer percussion device. The rabbits in group C were given the intervention 7 d of tui na rolling after successful modelling, at a frequency of 140 beats/min, 2 times/d, 3 min/session, for a total of 3 d of treatment. Tissue sampling was performed 1 d after the end of the intervention. Histological changes of rabbit quadriceps femoris muscle were observed by HE and Masson staining, and MMP-9, TIMP-1, TGF-β1, and COL-I expression of quadriceps femoris muscle of rabbits in each group were detected by Western-Blot.   Results   The muscle tissue of the blank group was of regular structure, the muscle tissue of the model group was of very distinct shape, with blurred margins, significantly enlarged gaps, significant invasion of inflammatory cells, and increased collagen fiber production in the surrounding area, the muscle tissue of the treatment group was relatively more intact in structure, with the gaps narrowed, and a small amount of invasion of inflammatory cells and collagen fiber production could be seen, and the degree of its pathological repair was significantly better than that of the model group. Compared with the blank group, the expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1, TGF-β1, and COL-I in quadriceps femoris muscle of rabbits in the model group and the treatment group were significantly increased (P<0.01). However, the expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1, TGF-β1, and COL-I in quadriceps femoris muscle of rabbits in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the model group (P<0.01).   Conclusions   Tui na rolling method is ability to inhibit skeletal muscle fibrosis by reducing the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, and then inhibit skeletal muscle fibrosis, and its mechanism of action maybe related to the suppression of the expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1, TGF-β1, and COL-I. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Muscle synergy analysis during the sit-to-stand movement in elderly individuals with a history of falling Liu Ruiping, Qian Lei, Liu Yanyan, Wan Xinzhu, Chen Chunyan, Wang Yining, Yu Wanqi, Ouyang Jun Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 196-200.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.14 Abstract （59）      PDF（pc） （2112KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save Objective   To explore the change of muscle recruitment mechanisms during sit-to-stand (STS) movements in elderly individuals with a history of falls.    Methods    A total of 17 healthy young adults, 17 healthy elderly adults, and 9 elderly individuals with a history of falls were recruited. Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals and the trajectory of the center of pressure (COP) from 16 muscles of the right lower limb were collected. Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) was used to assess fall risk, and muscle synergies were extracted by non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF). Results There was no significant difference in the number of muscle synergies among the three groups. In the elderly individuals with a history of falls, early activation of the hamstring and ankle plantar flexors at the beginning of sit-to-stand movement was transformed into additional muscle activity at the later stage of movement, in contrast to the healthy group. Furthermore, COP offsets and FES-I scores were significantly increased, indicating a lack of movement stability.   Conclusions    Abnormal activation of hamstrings and ankle dorsiflexion in elderly individuals with a history of falls during STS movements may affect lower limb stability and changes in muscle recruitment strategies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Research on the application of three-dimensional visualization technology based on CT image data fusion and digital urology virtual diagnosis and treatmen in adrenal tumors Zhang Yunhao, Fan Kai, Huang Congjun, Cheng Qiangqiang, Wang Guanyan, Xiao Youping, Mei Aobing Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 201-207.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.15 Abstract （53）      PDF（pc） （3718KB）（106）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To explore the application value of 3D reconstruction technology of CT scanning and digital virtual surgery diagnosis and treatment system in adrenal tumors.    Methods    Data on 20 patients diagnosed with adrenal tumors and completed 3D reconstruction in The Second People′s Hospital of Guiyang from September 2016 to April 2023 were reviewed. A total of 19 cases were collected, including 12 cases of three-dimensional reconstruction adrenal tumors (3D group), 3 males and 9 females, with the mean age of (44.92±13.28) year. All the 12 patients in 3D group were three-dimensional reconstructed with enhanced CT image data before operation, and the reconstructed model was used to understand the tumor and its occupying position, as well as the relationship between the tumor and blood vessels and surrounding tissues and organs.  The operation plan, intraoperative guidance and doctor-patient communication was made according to the 3D reconstruction image. There were 7 cases without three-dimensional reconstruction (CT group), the mean age was (35.14±11.25) years. There were 3 males and 4 females in the CT group. The general information, surgical methods and perioperative data of the two groups were compared. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 26.0.    Results    Among the 19 cases, 18 cases were successfully completed. One case in the CT group was converted to open surgery due to insufficiently accurate preoperative evaluation, which resulted in the discovery of a huge tumor and complex anatomical relationship during the operation, and the inability to expose the complete tumor, central vein and renal vein. The operation time in the 3D group was shorter than that in the CT group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in general information(age and gender), intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative length of stay, and drainage tube removal time between the two groups (P>0.05).   Conclusions   3D visualization and realistic reconstruction technology is an important foundation for construction of virtual diagnosis and treatment of digital  urology. 3D reconstruction models can reduce anatomical disorientation in adrenal tumor surgery to achieve accurate intraoperative resection, thereby shortening the surgical time. It is beneficial to reduce surgical risk and has high clinical application value in urology surgery, which is worth of further clinical application and promotion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Clinical observation of primary trigeminal neuralgia treated by neuroendoscopy  combined with microvascular decompression under microscope   Shen Jiangjiang, Liu Zhihong, Liu Baohui Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 208-212.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.16 Abstract （51）      PDF（pc） （5247KB）（13）       Knowledge map    Save Objective    To evaluate the clinical effect of primary trigeminal neuralgia treatment by neuroendoscopy combined with microvascular decompression under microscope.    Methods    A retrospective analysis was made on 78 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia treated by microvascular decompression, with 36 cases were treated by microvascular decompression under microscope (group A), and the other 42 cases were treated under neuroendoscopy  combined with microscope (group B).The discovery rate of offending vessels, complications rate, and therapeutic efficacy were compared in the two groups after treatment.    Results    The discovery rate of offending vessels in the group B (95.2%) was significantly higher than that of the group A (80.6%); The total effective rate of the group B (97.6%) was higher than that of the group A (83.3%). There were statistical differences in the discovery rate of offending vessels and total effective rate  in the two groups (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the postoperative complications between group A (30.6%) and group B (14.3%) (P>0.05).    Conclusions    The treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia with neuroendoscopy combined with microvascular decompression microscope is of high clinical application value to improve the discovery rate of offending vessels and cure rate. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Variant of left cephalic vein:one case report Tang Chunxiao, Wang Wenjie, Pan Chenglong, Yang Lin Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2024, 42 (2): 212-.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2024.2.24 Abstract （77）      PDF（pc） （981KB）（46）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）