Abstract: Objective   To measure the morphological parameters of the proximal femur in Mongolian population and to provide reference for prosthesis design, improvement and preoperative prosthesis selection. Methods    A total of 331 mongolian patients who received femur radiographs in the three tertiary hospitals were randomly selected, including 152 males, and 179 females. Huahai PACS system was used to measure femoral head diameter (FHD), femoral offset (FO), femoral neck shaft Angle (FNSA), medullary transverse diameter at the lesser trochanter (T0), Medullary transverse diameter at the 20 mm above lesser trochanter (T+20), medullary transverse diameter at the 20 mm below lesser trochanter (T-20), medullary transverse diameter of isthmus, canal flare index (CFI) and metaphyseal canal flare index (MCFI). SPSS25.0 was used to analyze the gender differences of these parameters and their correlation with age, and the differences between the femoral parameters of the Mongolian population and domestic and foreign regions were mainly compared. Results   (1) The MCFI was larger in females, and there were no significant differences in FNSA and CFI between genders, while the other result of parameters were larger in males. (2) The inner diameter of the medullary cavity at T-20 level and isthmus level was positively correlated with age, CFI and MCFI were negatively correlated with age, and the other parameters were not correlated with age. (3) The anatomical parameters of proximal femur in Mongolian population were different from those in different regions at home and abroad. Compared with the southern population in China, the FHD, FO, the inner diameter of the medullary cavity at T0 level, T+20 level, T-20 level and isthmus level were larger in Mongolian population, while the FNSA, CFI and MCFI were smaller.   Conclusions   Compared with the southern population, the Mongolian population had larger FHD, FO, wider inner diameter of the proximal femoral medulla cavity, smaller FNSA, CFI and MCFI. Preoperative selection and design of prostheses should take into account the differences between different regions and nationalities.

Key words: Inner Mongolia,  ,  , South China,  ,  , Gender,  ,  , X-ray,  ,  , Morphology of the proximal femur