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Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy 2021 Vol.39 Please wait a minute... For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails Select Clinical anatomy grows healthily under the warm care of centennial Chinese Society for Anatomical Sciences Zhong Shizhen, Ouyang Jun Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 1-.   Abstract （431）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anatomical study of pineal region via supracerebellar infratentorial (SCIT) approach under neuroendoscopy Zhu Jiandong, Xu Ling, Xie Mingxiang, Xiao Shunwu Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 2-6.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.001 Abstract （790）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To observe the anatomic characteristics of pineal region and its adjacent structures by simulating midline and paramedian SCIT approach under neuroendoscopy, so as to provide anatomic basis for endoscopic treatment of lesions in this area.　Methods　Five adult cadaveric heads fixed with formalin were selected to simulate the midline and paramedian SCIT approachs under neuroendoscopy. The structure of pineal region was observed and measured, and the exposure of the two surgical approaches was compared.　Results　The distance from the dura mater midline and paramedian SCIT approachs under neuroendoscopy to the cerebellar fissure vein were (58.14±1.62) mm and (76.51±2.25) mm, and the relative degree of freedom were (0.09±0.01), (0.05±0.01). The relative degrees of freedom of pineal gland were (0.47±0.01) and (0.35±0.09), and the relative degrees of freedom of superior colliculus were (0.26±0.05) and (0.40±0.07). The left and right operable angles of the pineal gland were (14.85±0.35) and (17.86±1.03) degrees, respectively, and the anterior and posterior angles were (21.40±1.41) and (15.00±3.06) degrees. The left and right operable angles of the corpus callosum were (14.55±0.07) and (17.04±1.57) degrees, and the anterior and posterior angles were (14.60±0.71) and (18.76±2.83) degrees. The left and right operable angles of the ipsilateral superior colliculus were (15.63±5.08) and (21.62±2.19) degrees, and the anterior and posterior angles were (11.18±4.72) and (18.94±4.08) degrees. There were statistical difference between them (P<0.05).　Conclusions　Midline SCIT approach and paramedian SCIT approach have their own advantages. The surgical approach should be selected according to the specific location of the lesion.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Morphological characteristics of the first denticulate ligament and its clinical significance Du Xinru, Kong Xiangyu, Guo Sen, Wang Jiajia, Liu Hongwei, Ma Quan, Liu Yingdong Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 7-11.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.002 Abstract （1697）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To observe the anatomical structure of the first denticulate ligament at the craniocervical junction and to discuss its clinical significance.    Methods    Eighteen cranial-neck specimens were dissected and were stripped to observe the structure of the first denticulate ligament. Its starting and finishing, adjacency, course and its morphology were observed.  The histological characteristics of the ligament was detected by HE staining.　Results　The first denticulate ligament were found in left and right side of all specimens (occurrence rate: 100%), with the membrane type in 9 cases (accounting for 50%); dense type in 4 cases (accounting for 22.2%); loose type in 5 cases (accounting for 27.8%). The first denticulate ligament was located laterally to the superior medulla oblongata, the fibers converged outwards and upward in a long triangle, crossing behind the vertebral artery and ending in the epidural and fusing with the dura mater. The attachment part on the spinal cord was located between the anterior root and posterior root of the spinal nerve, the distal part was integrated with the 2nd ~ 8th dentate ligament, and the proximal part reached the level of the medulla oblongata. Histological result showed that the denticulate ligament was composed of collagen fibers.   Conclusions　The first denticulate ligament plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the spinal cord. Subarachnoid space is divided into a front part and a back part by denticulate ligament. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure imbalance can lead to different stress on the anterior and posterior parts of the spinal cord. And the anterior spinal cord may be subjected to higher pressure stimulation to aggravate or induce the injury of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and the corticospinal tract, which may be one of the anatomical factors leading to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anatomical study on the application of peroneus tertius in ligament reconstruction Liu Jinxin, Gao Jiake, Zhang Yi, Cheng Jinli, Zhang Yingze, Yu Tengbo Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 12-15.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.003 Abstract （1536）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To observe and measure the stop-point morphologic features of the peroneus tertius (PT), and provide anatomic basis for ligament reconstruction.　Methods　The distance from the tendon junction to the PT insertion point (D1), the distance from the PT insertion point to the extensor subservient distal band (D2) were measured. The width and thickness of the insertion point and the attachment of the muscle tendon were recorded in 34 cases of the isolated ankle joint specimens and were classified according to the type of insertion point.   Results    According to the PT insertion point pattern, the occurrence rate of the different patterns were 17.65 %, 35.29 %, 41.18 % and 5.88 %, respectively.  The distance from the PT insertion point to the extensor subservient distal band was (58.12±6.82) mm. The distance from the tendon junction to the PT insertion point was (68.22±6.76) mm. The width of PT insertion point was (32.59±10.61) mm. The width of the PT tendon joint was (3.91±0.73) mm. The PT thickness was (1.12±0.18) mm. The D2 and the some PT patterns were not completely same, and there was statistical significance among them (H = 15.645, P<0.05). The D1 and the some PT patterns were not completely same, and there was statistical significance between them (H = 15.027, P<0.05). The width of PT terminal point in each pattern was not completely same, and there were statistical significance between them (H = 28.098, P<0.05). The width of the junction of the tendons in each PT pattern was not completely same, and there were statistical significance between them (H = 7.919, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the thickness of PT (H = 1.638, P>0.05).    Conclusions  The occurrence rate of type Ⅲ stop-point is the highest, and that of type IV stop-point is the lowest. There were no significant differences in length, width, body side and gender, but there were significant differences in the type of stop-point, which is helpful for clinical ligament reconstruction and other operations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anatomical observation and clinical significance of the arcuate line in totally extraperitoneal preperitoneal （TEP） herniorrhaphy  Wang Youhua, Huang Hai, Luo Jianhua, Zhang Huanbin, Zheng Fuqiang, Liang Shaocheng, Zhou Xuelu Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 16-21.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.004 Abstract （1231）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To study the position and morphological features of the arcuate line and get better understanding of its clinical significance, so as to provide the applied anatomical data and operation guide for the totally extraperitoneal (TEP) herniorrhaphy.    Methods   The arcuate line was dissected and observed during TEP in 60 cases of adult patients with primary inguinal hernia. The location and length of the arcuate line were determined by puncturing needle vertically through the skin, and its morphology and quantity data were recorded.　Results　The arcuate line was recorded and divided into four groups, namely, a classical group (4~5 cm) in 15 cases (accounting for 25.0%), a high level group (less than 3 cm) in one case (accounting for 1.7 %), a low level group (6~12 cm) in 43 cases（accounting for 71.6%）, an absent arcuate line group in one case (accounting for 1.7%). Twenty-two cases were single arcuate line (accounting for 36.7%), while 38 cases were multiple arcuate line (accounting for 63.3%). Two cases were the straight shaped arcuate line (accounting for 3.3%), 28 cases and 29 cases were the arc-shaped and the transition shaped arcuate line  (accounting for 46.7% and 48.3 %  respectively).    Conclusions     The arcuate line is the free margin formed by the absence of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath. There are great differences in its position, morphology and number. The variation of arcuate line not only increases the difficulty of the TEP surgery, but also increases the complications. The arcuate line has important clinical significance in the TEP operation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Left musculocutaneous nerve absence and biceps brachii abnormal origin: a case report Sun Fenggang, Dun Aishe, Wang Hui, Wang Hongbin Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 21-.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.024 Abstract （292）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anatomical features of fetal thyroid artery and its significance Lin Jinxian, Huang Hailong Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 22-25.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.005 Abstract （1436）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To explore the anatomical features of fetal thyroid artery and its application value by means of cast blood vessel specimen and three-dimensional reconstruction technique.　Methods The filler were perfused through the common carotid artery and subclavian artery, and the thyroid artery vessels of 17 fetuses at around 18~37 weeks were anatomically observed and measured. The CT scan data were imported into Mimics 21.0 software for three-dimensional reconstruction of thyroid artery.　Results　The variation of fetal thyroid artery originated from the first branch of external carotid artery (accounting for 79.4%) or originated from the common carotid artery (accounting for 14.7%) or from the bifurcation of the common carotid artery (accounting for 5.9%)，the fetal inferior thyroid artery may originate from the thyrocervical trunk (accounting for 76.5%) or originate from the subclavian artery (accounting for 23.5%). The fetal thyroid artery branches and distribution were constant. There was no significant difference in the initial position between the adult thyroid artery and the fetal thyroid artery. There were significant difference in the branches and distribution between them.　Conclusions　Understanding the origin of thyroid artery, its branch and distribution characteristics can provide a practical basis for intrauterine fetal development research or neonatal clinical surgery. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Diffusion tensor imaging observation of the anterior cruciate ligament injury of knee joint Mao Guanglan, Li Pei, Yang Rongli, Fu Shengqi, Wang Qingzhi Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 26-30.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.006 Abstract （690）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To provide a new imaging diagnostic basis for the classification of anterior cruciate ligament injury of the knee. 　Methods　One hundred cases of normal knee joint and one hundred cases of unilateral anterior cruciate ligament laceration were selected to perform diffusion tensor imaging scanning, the latter were divided into I grade, II grade, III grade and IV grade according to the damage degree. At the workstation, the regions of interest of the anterior cruciate ligament injury and the corresponding position of the normal group were divided, the fractional anisotropy(FA) values and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) values were measured, and the tractography images were generated.　Results    There were significant differences in the FA values and ADC values between the anterior cruciate ligament injury and the normal group. The FA values of anterior cruciate ligament injury was lower than that of the normal group, while the ADC values was higher than that of the normal group. There were significant differences in the FA values and ADC values of the anterior cruciate ligament injure at I grade, II grade, III grade and IV grade, the FA values decreased gradually with the increasing of damage degree, which was negatively correlated with the damage degree. The ADC values increased gradually, which was positively correlated with the damage degree. There were significant difference in the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the FA values and ADC values, tractography imaging and MRI in the diagnosis of degree classification of the anterior cruciate ligament injury, it was the tractography imaging, FA values and ADC values, MRI in order from high to low.　Conclusions　The FA values and ADC values of anterior cruciate ligament injure of knee joint are closely related to the damage degree, the tractography imaging can improve the diagnostic rate of the degree classification of anterior cruciate ligament injury, and the diffusion tensor imaging can provide a more accurate imaging diagnostic basis for degree classification of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Digital fine anatomy of bladder and urethra in rest state of young nullipara with a normal pelvic floor function Chen Lan, Chen Chunlin, Liu Ping, Feng Jie, Wang Jianping, Tang Lian, Liao Kedan, Jiang Wenxuan, Liang Shiqi Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 31-36.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.007 Abstract （501）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To study digital fine anatomy from 3D models of bladder and urethra of normal young nullipara in rest state.　Methods　The MRI data and general clinical information of gynecological patients in Nanfang hospital from January 2013 to October 2016 were collected and analyzed. 45 normal young nulliparas were selected according to the inclusion criteria, Mimics 10.01 software was used to reconstruct the 3D models, UG software was combined to measure most kinds of anatomy parameters, such as the length and the angle between bladder, urethra and pubic bone.　Results　3D models of 45 patients were successfully built, including pelvis, uterus, bladder, urethra, vagina and rectum. The related anatomic parameters of bladder urethra were measured as follows: the angle of bladder and urethra: (146.3±16.6) °, β angle: (144.5±14.1) °, the angle of urethra pubic : (47.9±15.2) °, the angle of urethra: (18.5±9.2) °, α angle: (87.2±15.1) °. Urethral striated muscle thickness was (2.58±0.60) mm. Retropubic space was (15.96±3.52) mm. The distance between the bladder neck and the midpoint of lower margin of symphysis pubis was (23.66±3.97) mm.　Conclusions　3D reconstruction technology is a good way to reproduce intuitively the three dimensional anatomical morphology of human bladder and urethra, providing a 3-D research platform for the fine anatomy of the bladder and urethra. By multiple diameters and angles measurement, it can reflect the functions of the bladder and urethra under normal conditions.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Imaging anatomical measurement and clinical significance in minimally invasive surgery of the lower lumbar laminae interval space    Zhang Haifeng, Zhan Xinhua, Fu Zeze, Wu Jianfeng, Fu Qiang Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 37-40.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.008 Abstract （838）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To measure the anatomical parameters of lumbar laminae interval space with lower lumbar disc herniation (LDH) by an imaging method and to explore the clinical significance in minimally invasive spinal surgery.　Methods　One hundred and forty-five anteroposterior X-ray films with single lumbar disc herniation (L4/5 and L5/S1) were enrolled. The morphological characteristics of the lumbar vertabral laminae interval space between affected side (a symptoms group) and healthy side (a control group) were compared. The height, width and the area of the bilateral vertebral laminae interval space in the segments of L4/5 and L5/S1 were measured by X-rays according to the gender. The available diameter of lumbar laminae interval space was measured by lumbar vertebra 3D CT. Then all data were analyzed statistically. 　Results  From the anteroposterior X-ray films of lumbar laminae interval space, the shape of the vertebral laminae interval space in the segments of L4/5 and L5/S1 in the healthy side group was oval, while the shape in the affected side group were in triangle and oblate shapes. The incidence of lumber disc space stenosis in the affected side group was 68.1% in total, including 65.1% happened in L4/5 segment and the incidence of L5/S1 segment was 71%. With the changing in the width of lumbar laminae interval space, the height also changed. The 3D CT result showed that the available diameter of the vertebral laminae interval space in 76.5% of the patients was smaller than the diameter of the working channel. 72.3% of which were located in the L4/5 segment, and 80.6% in the L5/S1 segment. The mean height, width and the area as well as available diameter of the lumbar vertebral laminae interval space in male group were higher than those in female group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The average height, width and the area as well as the available diameter in segment L5/S1 were larger than those in segment L4/5.　Conclusions　There was a closed association between lumbar disc herniation and the change of lumbar laminae interval space. With the understanding of the height, width, the area and available diameter of the lumbar vertebral laminae interval space would guide to select the minimally invasive surgical approach and the surgical procedure.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Effects of relatively low dose of X-rays irradiation on adult cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis in juvenile mice Zeng Lei, Ji Taotao, Zhou Lin, Ke Xiangjie, Zhao Yansheng, Yang Bo, Ren Boxu, Tang Fengru Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 41-48.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.009 Abstract （190）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the effects of relatively low dose of ionizing radiation on adult cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis in juvenile mice, and to illuminate the relationship between relatively low dose of irradiation, cognitive function and neurogenesis.　Methods　20 Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups at postnatal 21 days: a radiation group and a control group (P21) (n = 10 each group). The radiation group was exposured with an acute whole body irradiation with a dose of 5 Gy at P21, the normal control group was sham irradiated. The two groups of mice were weighed before being exposured, at 2 months old and 4 months old, respectively. At 4-month-old, each mouse was experimented with open field test (OPT), new object recognition experiment (NOR), fear conditioning test (FC) and Morris Water Maze test (MWM). Brain sections were then immunostaining for different markers including Ki67 (mark proliferation neuron), doublecortin (DCX, mark differentiation and migration neuron), calbindin (CB, mark interneuron), and parvalbumin (PV, mark interneuron) in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG).　Results 　(1) In the body weight test, both at 2 and 4 months of age, the percentage of mice’ body weight gain in the radiated group was significantly lower than that of the control group (t=3.02, P<0.05; t=4.22, P<0.01). (2) There were no significant differences in the distance traveled within 5 min in OPT ( t=-1.672, P＞0.05), the DI in NOR (t=0.753, P>0.05), the contextual memory related freezing time ( t=-0.885，P>0.05) and the clued memory related freezing time (t=0.15, P>0.05) in FC, the average escape latency (F=2.30，P>0.05) in MWM and the times of crossing platform (t=-1.07, P>0.05) between the two groups. (3) However, Ki67, DCX, CB and PV labeled neurons number in DG in irradiation group were significantly lower than that of the control group (Ki67, t=2.80, P<0.05; DCX, t=6.63, P<0.001;CB, t=3.75, P<0.01; PV, t=5.39, P<0.001).　Conclusions (1) Relatively low doses (5 Gy) of ionizing radiation in juvenile stage cause slow body weight gain in mice. (2) Relatively low doses (5 Gy) of irradiation exposure to juvenile mice do not cause learning and memory disorder when mice were tested in adult, but it resulted in declining of neurogenesis in SGZ. (3) The decreasing of neurogenesis induced by irradiation includes injury of a series of processes such as proliferation, division, differentiation, migration and maturation of neurons.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select The lipid droplet distribution and expression of heart type fatty acid binding protein in the myocardium of hyperlipidemic rat heart Sun Xiaopeng, Guo Kang, Guo Zhikun Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 49-54.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.010 Abstract （508）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To observe the changes of lipid droplet in cardiomyocytes and cardiac function of hyperlipidemia rats, and the expression changes of heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP). Methods　High fat diet SD male rats was established hyperlipidemia rat model. After feeding for 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks, the cardiac function of the rats was detected and the heart was removed. Frozen sections were stained with oil red O, and the distribution of lipid droplets in the myocardium was observed under light microscope. The changes of lipid droplets in myocardium were observed by transmission electron microscope. The expression of H-FABP in cardiomyocytes and myocardium was detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting.　Results　Compared with the normal diet rats, the serum triglyceride and total cholesterol increased significantly in the high-fat diet rats, the most obvious was in the 12 week, accompanied by a significant reduction in ejection fraction, increasing of lipid droplets in myocardial cells. The number of H-FABP in myocardium and myocardium increased significantly at the 8th week and the 12th week.　Conclusions　The myocardium of hyperlipidemia rats occurs fatty degeneration. With the increasing concentration of blood lipid, the fatty degeneration and the heart function decrease, which may be related to the increasing of H-FABP expression and the increasing of fatty acid oxidation in cardiac myocytes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Effect of miR-146a on the sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells HNE-1 / DDP to cisplatin by targeting CCNJ Zhou Lanzhu, Zhao Bao, Zhang Mingjie, Cui Yixuan, Wu Jun, Sun Zhe, Liu Shencheng, Wang Wenzhong Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 55-59.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.011 Abstract （322）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the effect of miR-146a on cisplatin sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma HNE-1 / DDP cells and its possible mechanism.　Methods　The experiment was divided into three groups: a blank control group, a negative control group and a mimics-miR-146a group. MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation inhibition of cells after different treatments. Annexin V-FITC / PI assay was used to detect apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the relative expression levels of cyclin CCNJ, MRP1, P-gp. RT-qPCR was used to detect the relative expression level of CCNJ mRNA.　Results  Compared with other two groups, the survival rate, the relative protein expression levels of MRP1, P-gp, CCNJ and the relative expression level of CCNJ mRNA of mimics-miR-146a reduced, while the apoptosis rate increased. There were statistical differences in the survival rate, the relative protein expression levels of MRP1, P-gp, CCNJ, the relative expression level of CCNJ mRNA and the apoptosis rate among the three groups (P<0.05).　Conclusions　miR-146a can increase the sensitivity of HNE-1/DDP to DDP which mechanism may be through miR-146a inhibiting the expression of CCNJ to regulate downstream proteins MRP1,P-gp,and then to reduce cell resistance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Imaging and histology research of citrate-based biodegradable screws  Li Zhen, Huang Hai, Liao Jianwen, Fan Shicai, Yang Cheng Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 60-64.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.012 Abstract （448）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To evaluate the applicability and mechanism of citric acid copolymer - hydroxyapatite (POC-click-HA) screws in treatment of lateral femoral condyle fracture of canine.　Methods　Nine adult male Beagles (weighing 9~12 kg) were selected to prepare the models (AO classification type B1) of bilateral lateral femoral condyle fracture, the right side was fixed with POC-click-HA absorbable cannulated screws as an experimental group and left side with Poly-DL-Lactic acid(PDLLA) screws as a control group. At 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after operation，Micro-CT and histological analysis were taken to observe the fracture healing. The osteogenesis effect of MC3T3 E1 cell were observed by the Kreb’s cycle inhibitors of the CPI-613 and exogenous citric acid (CA).　Results   Micro-CT result showed that the combination of POC-click-HA screw and bone was weaker than PDLLA screw at 4 weeks after surgery. At 8 weeks, the two groups of screws were gradually integrated with the surrounding bone tissue, with no significant difference. At 12 weeks, the screw-bone tissues of both groups were well bonded. Histological staining analysis result showed that new bone was gradually formed around the screws in experimental group. The screws were degrading and new bone was growing in. However, there were still more collagen fibers around the screws in the control group, only a few new bones were seen, and the screws were not degraded. The results of cell culture showed that the citric acid in the medium significantly reduced after the addition of cpi-613 inhibitor. The higher concentration of inhibitor, the fewer ALP positive cells were formed. The higher the citric acid concentration, the more calcium nodules formed.   Conclusions　Compared with PLLA screw, POC -click-HA bone screw has stronger bone induction ability and faster bone degradation，which can be better utilized for Beagles’ lateral femoral condyle B1 fractures. The mechanism for Citric acid material to promote fracture healing may be related to the TCA cycle. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Comparison of effects of atomizing inhalation and intratracheal instillation on model establishment of asthma in mice Hu Jie, Zhou Wenjing, Wang Yunting, Niu Chao, Fu Zhou, Dai Jihong Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 65-70.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.013 Abstract （472）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　By comparing the modeling effect and stability of the mouse asthma model, to determine the best way to model.　Methods　BALB/c female mice of SPF grade for 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into 5 groups, including 20 μg sensitized atomizing inhalation challenge group (20-INH), 100-INH group, 20 μg sensitized intratracheal instillation challenge group (20-ITI) and 100-ITI group ,control group. Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin（OVA）to make asthmatic models . The mice were sensitized with 20 μg and 100 μg OVA on 0, 7 and 14 days respectively. From day 21, challenged by atomizing inhalation way or intratracheal instillation way. Within 24 h following the last challenge, the airway hyper responsiveness（AHR） of the mice was assessed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was taken for cells count and the left lung were examined pathologically. ELISA was used to detect the levels of serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE).　Results　The AHR, the total cells of BALF, the eosinophil count of BALF and serum total IgE level significantly increased in the groups of 20-INH, 100-INH and 100-ITI. All asthma groups had obvious airway inflammation infiltration and high mucus secretion. Among the groups, the 100-ITI was good at showing asthma characteristics. The standard deviation of each data of the model of intratracheal instillation was lower than that of the atomizing inhalation model.   Conclusions   The stimulation mode of intratracheal instillation can successfully establish a mouse asthma model at the sensitizing dose of 100 μg OVA, and the increasing of the airway mucus secretion and serum total IgE are more obvious. The model has high stability and is worthy of recommendation.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Comparison of chondrogenic effects of three kinds of chondrogenic induction media on human adipose-derived stem cells in monolayer and microsphere cultured Yu Qinghe, Qu Rongmei, Zhang Guowei, Li Xin, Qiu Xianshuai, Ouyang Jun, Dai Jingxing, Min Shaoxiong Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 71-75.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.014 Abstract （521）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To compare the chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) in vitro by three components of chondrogenic induction medium.　Methods　hASCs were extracted from human adipose tissues and then performed in monolayer culture and microsphere culture respectively. Three kinds of different components of chondrogenic induction medium (group A: Fetal bovine serum (FBS) + high concentration TGF-β3, group B: Insulin, Transferrin, Selenium Solution (ITS) + low concentration TGF-β3, group C: ITS + high concentration TGF-β3) were added. After 3 weeks, the cell proteins in monolayer culture were extracted for detection of cartilage-related markers, and the cell microspheres were stained with Toluidine blue, Alcian blue, Sirius red to compare the effect of cartilage formation. Results 　After 3 weeks, the expression of cartilage markers was the highest in the group C of monolayer culture system, and the staining of microspheres was also the deepest in the group C.　Conclusions　As a medium additive, ITS has a better effect than FBS in inducing chondrogenic differentiation of hASCs. As an important growth factor stimulating chondrogenesis of hASCs, the concentration of 10 ng/ml TGF-β3 has a stronger effect than the concentration of 1 ng/ml. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select The expression and localization of p-PDGFR alpha at different stages after substantia nigra striatum injury in mice Pei Dan, Liu Xue Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 76-81.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.015 Abstract （548）            Knowledge map    Save  Objective    To investigate the expression and localization of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) at different stages after substantia nigra striatum injury in mice.   Methods    The substantia nigra striatum pathway was unilaterally transected in 8 weeks old BALB/c mice. According to the method of Baidan, brain tissues of 2 mm around the injury brain were examined on the 1st, 4th, 7th and 14th day after operation. The expression of p-PDGFR alpha protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. Immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect the localized expression of p-PDGFR alpha.   Results   Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot showed that the expression of p-PDGFR alpha reached its peak level 4 days after injury. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that p-PDGFR alpha was expressed in astrocytes, microglia, leukocytes and oligodendrocytes.   Conclusions   Brain injury can activate PDGFR alpha and express around the injury. Activated PDGFR alpha may be related to the proliferation of astrocytes, microglia, leukocytes and oligodendrocytes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Abnormal process of medial sigmoid notch: a case report Qin Sijia, Cheng Hongjie, Liu Xin, Liu Xia, Yan Xiaorong, Cheng Yao Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 81-.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.025 Abstract （719）            Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select The prognostic role of immunoscore in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma Zhang Haonan, Zhang Linzhi, Gao Wei, Xu Yan, Yang Xueling, Yu Haipeng, Xing Wengeng, Si Tongguo Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 82-89.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.016 Abstract （1020）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the expression of immunoscore and PD-L1 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), and to analyze the relationship between the expression of PD-L1 and immunoscore and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of HCC.　Methods　Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of immunoscore and PD-L1 in 61 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma tissue, and to analyze the relationship between the expression of immunoscore and PD-L1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and different clinicopathological features and prognosis．Results　The expression rate of high-immunoscore was 26.2%, the low-immunoscore expression rate was 73.8%. In clinical indicators，the positive expression rate of immunoscore was negatively related to patient's preoperative AFP level (P<0.005), and intrahepatic recurrence (P<0.05), but not to factors of patient’s age, gender, tumor size, differentiation, and  non-vascular invasion correlated (P>0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis presented that the immunoscore showed good stratification between high-immunoscore and low-immunoscore groups in both overall survival (P<0.01) and progression-free survival (P<0.01), respectively. The positive expression rate of PD-L1 in hepatocellular carcinoma was 44.3%, which was significantly higher than that in normal control group (P<0.01).Kaplan-Meier analysis presented that the PD-L1-positive patients was significantly lower in patients with negative PD-L1-negative patients. In clinical indicators，the positive expression rate of PD-L1 was negatively related to patient’s immunoscore (P<0.01)．Conclusions　The expression of immunoscore can be used as an important prognostic maker for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with high-immunoscore are significantly associated with a prolonged OS and PFS, however patients with low-immunoscore are more likely to occur early recurrence, prognosis is even worse. The positive expression rate of PD-L1 is negatively related to patient’s immunoscore. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Application of digital biliary tract system in the operation of complex cholelithiasis Wang Sangui, Wang Haifeng , Chen Haibo, Ye Xiyin, Feng Xiaohui Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 90-94.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.017 Abstract （717）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To explore the clinical application value of digital biliary system in minimally invasive surgery for complex gallstone disease.　Methods　41 patients with complex cholelithiasis were selected from April 2018 to July 2019. They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. In the experimental group, the hepatobiliary model which established by their CT data was introduced to the digital biliary tract system, and then were applied in preoperative evaluation, surgical simulation, and lithotripsy extraction plan for intraoperative guidance. Minimally invasive surgery was performed on the two groups. Reexamination of stones and recurrence were detected by ultrasound or CT.　Results　The biliary tract and stones in the experimental group were consistent with those in the digital biliary system. The actual surgical method was consistent with the preoperative simulation and planning. The mean operation time was (160.10 ± 78.82) min, the intraoperative bleeding volume was (2.95±2.28) ml, and the intestinal recovery time was (1.13±0.70) days, all were less than those in the control group. No severe perioperative complications, residual stones and recurrence occurred. In the control group, there were 2 cases of residual stones, 1 case of gastrointestinal bleeding, and 2 cases of recurrence of stones.　Conclusions　The digital biliary system showed good guiding significance and application value for minimally invasive surgery for complex cholelithiasis. It could decrease the operation time and intraoperative bleeding and shorten intestinal recovery time and would be safe and efficient. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Study on the characteristics of infrared thermography in children with cerebral palsy Bai Wenfang, Yang Wanxin, Yu Xiaotang, Huang Hongliang, Xu Weicheng, Liu Lanren, Fan Yangang, Huang Xuming, Zhang Mingsheng Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 95-100.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.018 Abstract （635）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To observe and compare the infrared thermogram of children with cerebral palsy and normal children, and to explore and analyze the characteristics of the thermogram of children with cerebral palsy, so as to provide reference for clinical application.　Methods　Children with cerebral palsy (n=42) and normal children (n=42) were selected as an observation group and a control group respectively. The whole body thermal images of children were collected by TMI-BX1 portable infrared thermal image temperature measurement system. The average temperature values of 11 points which included forehead, chest, upper abdomen, lower abdomen, fourth thoracic vertebra(T4), twelfth thoracic vertebra(T12), fourth lumber vertebra(L4), left and right palms, dorsum pedis of each child were grabbed and analyzed by computer. Results　There was no significant difference in the temperature of the left and right extremities between the two groups (P>0.05). The head and trunk temperatures of the two groups were higher than the extremities (P < 0.01). The extreme difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature was greater in the observation group than that of the control group (P<0.05). The temperature of the forehead was significantly lower than that of abdomen(P<0.01) in both of the two groups. The temperature of the abdomen was significantly higher in the observation group than that in the back　(P<0.01), but significantly lower in the control group (P<0.01).　Conclusions　The abdominal temperature of children with cerebral palsy is higher than that of children with back, but that of normal childrem is lower than that of children with back. The characteristics of thermal imaging can provide reference for clinical research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Modified dorsal branch flap of digital artery for repair of fingertip defect Wang Kai, Ju Jihui, Jin Guangzhe, Guo Liping, Li Yadong Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 101-104.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.019 Abstract （389）            Knowledge map    Save 目的　报道应用带指固有动脉的指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣游离移植修复指端皮肤缺损的临床效果。  方法　2014年1月至2018年10月，23例23指指端皮肤软组织缺损，均伴有指骨外露，应用带指固有动脉的指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣游离移植修复。术中不用特意寻找指固有动脉背侧皮支，保留指固有动脉近节中远1/3处1cm往背侧的筋膜组织，连同指固有动脉一并切取，切除的指固有动脉予以指背静脉桥接修复，切取皮瓣面积为1.5cm×1.0cm～2.5cm×2.0cm，供区取前臂全厚皮片植皮修复。  结果　23例皮瓣全部成活，术后随访3～18个月，平均10个月，皮瓣质地佳，手指外形及感觉恢复良好，两点辨别觉为 8～14mm。皮瓣供区植皮愈合良好。  结论　运用改良指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣，可降低了切取难度，减少背侧支损伤可能，增加供血动脉吻合口径，降低吻合难度，是修复指端缺损一种较好的方法。 Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Curative effect of the percutaneous Kirschner wires external fixation combined with bone cements fixation in the treatment of the fifth metacarpal neck fracture Fan Hui, Chen Daiquan, Zhang Qin, Wu Qilong, Shi Jianxing, Gao Fei, Bao Qineng, Wu Weichang Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 105-107.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.020 Abstract （542）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the curative effect of percutaneous Kirschner wires external fixation combined with bone cements fixation in the treatment of the fifth metacarpal neck fracture. 　Methods　From June 2017 to January 2019, patients with the fifth metacarpal neck fracture were treated with percutaneous Kirschner wires external fixation combined with bone cements, including 11 males and 2 females, with an average age of 32.6 years old (ranged 20-43 years). The causes of fracture were heavy pound injury in 4 cases, fall injury in 4 cases and clenched fist hammer in 5 cases. The time from injury to being operation was 3 hours less than 5 days, with an average of 9.8 hours. According to the AO classification of fractures, there were 5 cases of B1 type, 4 cases of B2 type, 3 cases of B3 type and 1 case of C1 type.　Results　All the patients were followed up for 6 to 14 months, with an average of 8.4 months. 1 patient was loosened with external fixation. Bone union was achieved in all the patients, and the healing time ranged from 9 to 13 weeks, with an average of 11.2 weeks. One of the patient was accidently injured again 10 weeks after the operation and the external fixation became loose. When the fracture healing examination was well, Kirschner wires was removed immediately. At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference in the range of motion between the metacarpophalangeal joint and the contralateral metacarpophalangeal joint. There was no collapse deformity of the fifth metacarpal bone and no rotation deformity of the little finger.　Conclusions　The treatment of the fifth metacarpal neck fracture with percutaneous Kirschner wires external fixation combined with bone cements fixation has the advantages of less trauma, simple operation and early movement of metacarpophalangeal joint, and the curative effect is definite. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select One case of laparoscopic parastomal hernia repairs and literature review Luo Zhijian, Hu Weixian, Huang Chengzhi, Wang Junjiang, Hu Shixiong, Li Weihao, Yao Xueqing Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 108-110.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.021 Abstract （474）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To analyze the types and surgical management of parastomal hernia.　Methods　The case reports and literature analysis was used to explore the surgical procedures for patients with paratomal hernia reports to the past years.  Results　In a retrospective report, on 1 case of laparoscopic parastomal hernia repaired patients, with EHS classification type Ⅳ, sugarbaker operation procedure, and patient eating 3 days after the repair, 5 days of discharge.   Conclusions　Laparoscopic parastomal hernia repairs with lower complications and shorter hospital stay but still need more high-quality data support. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Research progress of thoracic paravertebral block Chen Weidong, Tan Weihao, Zhong Jintao, Yang Bin, Chen Zhimin, Ma Chunling, Qu Dongbin, Zheng Minghui Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 111-114.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.022 Abstract （560）            Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Research progress of nerve injury related to supracondylar humerus fractures in children Zhan Yi, Bei Chaoyong Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (1): 115-117.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.01.023 Abstract （306）            Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Morphological classification of the lateral ankle ligaments and clinical significance Zhou Yunfeng, Xu Dazheng, Chen Zhong, Yao Huosheng, Zhang Congda, Li Weiping, Shen Huiyong, Song Bin Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (2): 121-125.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.02.001 Abstract （1603）      PDF（pc） （3912KB）（129）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To study the morphological characteristics of lateral ankle ligaments and to explore their clinical significance.　Methods　Dissection was performed on 43 ankle specimens. Bundle number, route, origin and insertion for each lateral ankle ligament, and fibrous relationship near their attachments were observed and recorded.　Results　Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) were dissected in all specimens. According to the number of ATFL bundles, the single bundle, double bundles and three bundles were defined as typeⅠ, typeⅡ and typeⅢ, accounting for 27.9%, 65.1 % and 7%, respectively. Based on the surface-deep position of the insertions of ATFL and CFL fibers at the fibula, they were divided into the following type: superficial type (8 cases, accounting for 18.6%), parallel type (19 cases, accounting for 44.2%), deep type (9 cases, accounting for 20.9%) and mixed type (7 cases, accounting for 16.3%). According to the superior-inferior attachment of ATFL-CFL, the insertion was divided into the following type: total type (5 cases, accounting for 9.3%), superior type (15 cases, accounting for 34.9%) and inferior type (24 cases, accounting for 55.8%). In 7 specimens, ATFL and CFL inserted on fibula with a complex structure, accounting for 16.3% of the total sample size. Lateral talocalcaneal ligament (LTCL) was present in 46.5% (20/43) specimens: type A 25.6%, type B 20.9%. LTCL was absent in the remaining 23 cases (53.5%).　Conclusions　The lateral ankle ligaments in Chinese specimens has some morphological variability. Morphological study would be helpful for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and it might provide anatomical basis for further exploration of the function of these ligaments. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Applied anatomy study of zoneⅠ extensor terminal tendon insertion and its adjacent tissues   Zhao Wentao, Zhao Min Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (2): 126-129.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.02.002 Abstract （1549）      PDF（pc） （3094KB）（117）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To provide anatomical basis for mini plate internal fixation of bony mallet finger by anatomical study of the zoneⅠ terminal extensor tendon and adjacent tissues.　Methods　Ten adult hand cadavers’ upper limb specimens were dissected and the anatomical relationships between nail matrix, nail root and zoneⅠ terminal extensor tendon were observed. Microscopically, the distance from the terminal extensor tendon to nail root, nail matrix, articular surface were measured. The width of zoneⅠ terminal extensor tendon and the transverse and vertical diameters of phalangette joints were measured.　Results　The proximal margin of the nail root did not completely cover the germinal matrix, and the distance between the zoneⅠ terminal extensor tendon and the germinal matrix was（1.21±0.21）mm.There was a loose connective tissue between them. The width of terminal extensor tendon was（6.27±1.23）mm,  horizontal thickness was (1.02±0.21) mm. The distance between the zoneⅠ terminal extensor tendon and the articular of the distal interphalanx was （1.22±0.21）mm. The transverse diameter of the distal phalanx articular surface was (8.00±2.21)  mm, the longitudinal diameter was （6.22±1.21）mm. ZoneⅠ terminal extensor tendon was closely connected to the dorsal articular capsule of distal interphalangeal joint.　Conclusions　The longitudinal dorsal median skin incision on the distal phalangeal bone can fully reveal the tissue structure around zoneⅠ terminal extensor tendon. In fixing the avulsed fracture fragment of the distal phalanx, the plate is partially overlapped with the nail matrix, and the nail root and nail matrix need to be partially incised. The terminal extensor tendon is closely linked to the dorsal capsule of distal interphalangeal joint, where the zoneⅠterminal extensor tendon has a dorsal fibrous cartilage tissue plate, just like the volar plate. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anatomical study on the branch of pig femoral head retinacular artery Zhang Xiangnan, Deng Wei, Zhang Songqiang, Li Lei, Zhou Guangliang, Ju Faxin, Ju Wen, Zhou Zhenghu, Li Guanxing, Ju Jihui, Hou Ruixing Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (2): 130-133.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.02.003 Abstract （880）      PDF（pc） （1749KB）（63）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To explore the number, distribution and outer diameter of retinacular artery branch of pig femoral head and its significance.　Methods　Thirty-nine isolated pig femoral head specimens with peri-hip vessels were dissected, the retinacular artery were separated, and microperfusion was performed with 30% barium sulfate suspension. The shape, number, distribution and outer diameter of the retinacular artery's entry branch were observed. The distribution of the arterial head was recorded according to the time points. The micrometer was used to measure the external diameter of the retinacular artery branch. The position of the thickest branch of the retinacular artery in each group were measured statistically.　Results　There were（6.10±1.32） arteries in the pig femoral head, which were mainly divided into three groups: a posterosuperior group, a posteroinferior group and an anterior retinacular artery group. The clock points of the thickest branch head of each group of retinacular artery were （11:22~01:29），（06:36~08:15），（02:01~03:59）o'clock, respectively. The diameters of the three groups were（0.37±0.11），（0.52±0.11），（0.35±0.09）mm, respectively.　Conclusions　The number and location of the pig femoral head inlet arteries are relatively constant. The average diameter of the thickest branch of the pig femoral head inlet arteries is（0.52±0.11）mm, which origining from the posteroinferior retinacular artery group  and is an important blood supply source for pig femoral head. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anatomical research on the morphology and blood supply of the trapezium bone and trapezoid bone Wang Yakang, Xu Yongqing, Yuan Libo, Zhang Xulin, Xu Yujian , Luo Haotian, Wei Mingjie Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (2): 134-139.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.02.004 Abstract （711）      PDF（pc） （3771KB）（41）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To observe the morphology and blood supply pattern of the trapezium bone and trapezoid bone, and provide reasonable anatomical basis for the clinical application.　Methods　Twelve wrist specimens were perfused with a mixture of lead oxide and gelatin powder into the main arteries of the wrist. After the perfusion, the Micro-CT scan was performed. The scanning data were imported into the software of Mimics for three-dimensional reconstruction. The morphology of the trapezium bone and trapezoid bone was observed, the number and location of the nutrient foramens were recorded, and the anastomosis and course of the blood vessels in the bone were analyzed.　Results 　(1)The trapezium bone had a relatively constant number of nutrient foramen distributed on the three non-articular surfaces, which was (2.66±0.49) foramen on the radial side, (2.75±0.62) foramen on the dorsal side, and (2.33±0.65) foramen on the volar side, there were no statistical difference in the number of nutrient foramen among the three non-articular sides. The nourishing blood vessels branched out after penetrating into the bone and widely anastomosed with each other. About 70% of the blood supply in the bone came from the dorsal side, while 30% came from the volar and radial sides. (2) The trapezoid bone had a relatively constant number of nutrient foramen distributed on the two non-articular surfaces, (2.75±0.45) foramen on the dorsal side, and (2.42±0.51) foramen on the volar side, there were no statistical difference in the number of nutrient foramens between the two non-articular sides. The nourishing blood vessels branched out after penetrating into the bone, but its intraosseous blood vessel branch anastomosis was not as rich as that of the trapezium bone. About 70% of the blood supply in the bone came from the dorsal side, and 30% came from the volar side.　Conclusions　(1) The trapezium bone is rich in nourishing blood vessels from inside and outside the bone, which may be the reason why the incidence of the trapezium bone avascular necrosis is lower than other carpal bones. (2) The nourishing blood vessels outside the trapezoid bone are relatively abundant, but the intraosseous vascular anastomosis is not as rich as the large bone, this may be the main reason why the trapezoid bone are more prone to non-traumatic ischemic osteonecrosis than the trapezium bone. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Study on the relationship between cerebellum development and gestational age in neonatal infants  Liu Ruike, Li Guifang, Du Xueqian, Chen Shuai Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (2): 140-144.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.02.005 Abstract （309）      PDF（pc） （4196KB）（49）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To analyze cerebellum development with gestational age and to evaluate clinical early cerebellum development,  by means of cranial ultrasound to measure the neonatal cerebellum for gestational age of 25 to 41 weeks on the day of birth.　Methods 　Three hundred and eighteen eligible cranial ultrasound images of neonates of appropriate for gestational age from 25 to 41 weeks were selected. Transverse cerebellar diameter, vermis height, vermis diameter, vermis circumference and vermis area were measured for statistical analysis.　Results　Transverse cerebellar diameter formed a linear equation with the gestational age, which was Y=0.1036X+0.1929 (R2=0.727，P<0.001). Vermis height formed a linear equation with the gestational age, which was Y=0.069X-0.3156 (R2=0.823，P<0.001). Vermis diameter formed a linear equation with the gestational age, which was Y=0.0509X-0.5798 (R2=0.735，P<0.001). Vermis circumference formed a linear equation with the gestational age, which was Y=0.2811X-1.5932 (R2=0.782，P<0.001). Vermis area formed a linear equation with the gestational age, which was Y=0.2283X-4.4559 (R2=0.817，P<0.001). The vermis height had the strongest positive correlation with the gestational age (r=0.907，P<0.001). Conclusions   The results of this study provide that the cerebellar extrauterine reference range among transverse cerebellar diameter, vermis height, vermis diameter, vermis circumference, vermis area of neonates of appropriate for gestational age and gestational age, which is helpful for clinical diagnosis and evaluation of cerebellum growth and development of newborns. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Anatomical study on CT images of peripancreatic fascia and interfascia and its clinical significance Zhou Xiaobo, Xu Gangchao, Liu Qiang Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (2): 145-147.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.02.006 Abstract （722）      PDF（pc） （2520KB）（104）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To explore the correlation between peripancreatic fascia, fascia space in abdominal CT images and peripancreatic fascia in fresh adult cadaver specimens and to provide guidance for minimally invasive pancreatic surgery.　Methods　One hundred and fifty-six patients with acute pancreatitis in Huidong County People's Hospital were selected in this study. The characteristics of the peripancreatic CT scan images of their abdomen were summarized. At the same time, 5 fresh adult cadaver specimens provided by the department of anatomy at Southern Medical University were selected for dissection to explore the corresponding relationship between abdominal CT images of peripancreatic fascia and fascia space and the cadaver specimens.　Results 　The anterior fascia and posterior fascia of pancreas and anterior renal fascia could be observed simultaneously in a small number of patients with acute pancreatitis on abdominal CT scan image and fresh adult cadaver specimens. The prepancreatic space was between the pancreatic parenchyma and the anterior pancreatic fascia.  The retropancreatic   space was between the pancreatic parenchyma and the posterior pancreatic fascia. The retropancreatic fusion fascia space was between the posterior pancreatic fascia of posterior pancreas and the anterior renal fascia.　Conclusions 　In a few patients with acute pancreatitis, the peripancreatic fascia and fascia space can be observed on the CT scan images, which corresponds to fresh adult cadaver specimens. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Accurate localization and removal of deeply imbedded metallic foreign bodies in human limbs assisted by positioning device Su Weiwei, He Zaopeng, Zhang Guodong, Li Wei, Xu Jing, Liao Zhengwen, Xie Pusheng, Lin Dongxin, Huang Wenhua Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (2): 148-153.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.02.007 Abstract （292）      PDF（pc） （3718KB）（215）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To explore the application of the new positioning device on the accurate localization and removal surgery of deeply imbedded metallic foreign bodies.　Methods　Ten human limb specimens were used and 65 metal balls with a diameter of 2.0 mm were inserted. This experiment was divided into an experimental group, which was the actual locating result of the 65 cases of foreign bodies, and a control group, which was the theoretical optimal locating result of the 65 cases of foreign bodies. After localization with assistance of the locating device, a thin layer CT scan and 3D reconstruction were performed to measure the positioning deviation distance (D1). The qualified positioning numbers of different accuracy levels was counted. The chi square test was performed to obtain the positioning accuracy of the locating device and the fluoroscopy time (T1) and removal time of the foreign body (T2) were recorded.　Results　All 65 metallic foreign bodies were located and removed precisely, with mean T1: 46.06±18.44 seconds and T2: 177.10±65.87 seconds. The location accuracy of this device was 2.3mm.　Conclusions　With the aid of this positioning device, the precise localization and removal of deeply embedded metallic foreign bodies in human limbs can be achieved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select The role of miR-206 on regulation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway by targeting Cx43 in rabbit steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head model Xi Yuan, Luo Gaobin, Wei Guiqing, Qin Wentao, Bo Zhandong Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (2): 154-160.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.02.008 Abstract （524）      PDF（pc） （6412KB）（239）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To explore the role of MicroRNA(miR)-206 on regulating of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase(ERK) 1/2 signaling pathway by targeting connexin(Cx) 43 in rabbit model of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head.　Methods　Sixty mature rabbits were randomly divided into a model group (n=30) and a control group (n=30). Rabbit model of femoral head necrosis was made with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and methylprednisolone (MPS). The establishment of the model was determined by MRI and HE staining after modeled 2、8 and 16 weeks. Total RNA and protein were extracted from the femoral head. In situ hybridization and Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR) were employed to detect the change of miRNA-206; qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of Cx43、ERK1/2 and Runx2.　Results　The model success rate was 70%. In situ hybridization result showed that the miR-206 expressed in rabbit femoral head medullary space, osteoblasts and osteocyte. Compared with the control group, miR-206 expression of the model group up-regulated at 2 weeks, 8 weeks and 16 weeks after modeling, the expression of Cx43 and Runx2 mRNA in the model group down-regulated, the expression of Cx43、ERK1/2 and Runx2 protein in the model group also down-regulated.　Conclusions miR-206 can be involved in the occurrence, development and repair of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis by down-regulating its target protein CX43, inhibiting the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and osteogenic differentiation.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Role of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways in reduction of ischemia-reperfusion injury by morphine preconditioning in rats with heart failure induced by doxorubicin hydrochloride Tan Yongli, Tang Huijie, Tian Yuan Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (2): 161-168.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.02.009 Abstract （532）      PDF（pc） （6928KB）（112）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the role of the nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway in reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) by morphine preconditioning in rats with heart failure induced by doxorubicin hydrochloride.　Methods　The HF model rats were randomly divided into the following 5 groups: a sham group, a model group, a MFC group, a MOA group and an OAD group. The normal group was set at the same time. The HF model rats were ligated at the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 30 minutes and then were perfused for 120 minutes to construct the MIRI model. The MFC group rats were pretreated with morphine before operation. The OAD group rats were pretreated with Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway inhibitor before operation, the MOA group with Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway inhibitor plus morphine.  TUNEL was used to detect the apoptosis rate. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1.　Results Compared with the normal group, the apoptosis rate and the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the model group significantly increased. Compared with the model group, the apoptosis rate of the MFC group significantly reduced, and the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 significantly increased. Compared with the MFC group, the apoptosis rate of the MOA group significantly increased, and the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 significantly reduced. Compared with the model group, the apoptosis rate of the OAD group significantly increased, and the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 significantly increased. There were statistical differences in the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and the apoptosis rate among the groups (P<0.05).　Conclusions　In the MIRI rat model induced by HF, morphine preconditioning can obviously activate the Nrf2/ARE pathway and inhibit cell apoptosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Effect of E003 on the ultrastructural changes of decidual tissues in RSA model mice  Long Shenggen, Zhang Zhiqin, Huang Zhihui, Xia Leizhen, Tang Liang, Wu Qiongfang, Huang Ouping Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (2): 169-173.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.02.010 Abstract （418）      PDF（pc） （3243KB）（170）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To observe the ultrastructural changes of decidual tissues in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) model mice after treated with E003.　Methods　The RSA model mice was established, the experiment was divided into the following four groups: a normal pregnancy control group, a RSA model group, a low dose E003 group and a high dose E003 group.  After 14 days of continuous gavage of E003, decidual tissues were taken. Light microscope was used to observe the vascular and cell morphology of decidual tissue, ultrastructure of decidual tissue.　Results　The uterus was dissected to calculate the absorption rate of the embryo. The results showed that the E003 treatment group (low-dose group and high-dose group) had lower embryo absorption rate than that of the RSA model group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in embryo absorption rate between the high-dose E003 group and the normal pregnancy group (P>0.05). Compared with the normal pregnancy group, the number of decidual cells in RSA model group significantly reduced. Compared with the model group, the decidua cells in the low dose group and the high dose group increased in number and were arranged neatly. Under electron microscope, the volume of deciduous cell in the RSA model group decreased compared with the normal pregnancy group, the space of cells was larger, vascular wall was incomplete, vascular endothelial cell structure was incomplete and the nucleus was fusiform. Compared with the model group, the intercellular space and volume of decidual cell volume in the E003 low-dose group increased. The vascular wall was more complete, the vascular endothelial cells were long fusiform, the vascular endothelial cell structure was more complete, and the intercellular space was slightly wider. The decidual cell tissue and blood vessel in the high-dose E003 group was close to the normal pregrancy group.    Conclusions    RSA model mice have the barrier of maternal-fetal interface angiogenesis, and E003 can repair the damaged cell structure in the decidua tissue of RSA model mice, improve the morphology of angiogenesis and organelles, which has a certain therapeutic effect on RSA model mice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Trichostatin A mediates apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells via JNK / MAPK signaling pathway Zhang Haiyan, Sun Lihui, Pan Hongming, Li Lin, Lian Jie, Yu Jing, Lang Weiya Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (2): 174-181.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.02.011 Abstract （337）      PDF（pc） （2496KB）（25）       Knowledge map    Save 　Objective　To explore the effect and mechanism of Trichostatin A (TSA) on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer MDA-MB-23.　Methods　MTT, plate cloning experiments, flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of TSA on cell biological functions. qPCR and Western blot were applied to detect the effect of TSA on proliferation, apoptosis and MAPK signaling pathway. Mechanisms were detect by JNK pathway inhibitor in treatment.　Results　TSA inhibited the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner; TSA could block the cell cycle of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in G1 phase. TSA could upregulate the expression of protein and mRNA on P21, caspase-3, Bax and p-JNK, and down-regulate the expression of protein and mRNA of cyclin D1, Cdk4 and Bcl-2. The inhibition of JNK pathway inhibited the expression of p-JNK and the total apoptosis rate of MDA-MB-231 cells. The expression of Caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 decreased.　Conclusions　TSA can induce the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells, the mechanism of which is to regulate the expression of apoptotic protein and induce apoptosis through phosphorylation of JNK in MAPK signaling pathway. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Research on the biocompatibility and biomechanics of citrate-based biodegradable screws  Yang Cheng , Li Zhen, Liao Jianwen, Fan Shicai, Yang Jian, Bai Xiaochun Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (2): 182-186.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.02.012 Abstract （377）      PDF（pc） （3701KB）（54）       Knowledge map    Save weighing, 8-11 kg) were selected to prepare the models (AO classification type: B1) of bilateral lateral femoral condyle fracture. Right fracture was fixed with POC-click-HA absorbable cannulated screws as an experimental group and left fracture with Poly-DL-Lactic acid(PDLLA) screws as a control group. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation, general observation was done, Lane - Sandhu histologic grading, biomechanics were taken for observing fracture healing.　Results　All aniamls survived to the end of the experiment. General observations showed that no fracture displacement occurred and fracture healed at 12 weeks in the two groups. POC - click - HA screws degraded and new bone tissue was found from samples at 12 weeks. According to the Lane - Sandhu histologic grading, , there was no statistical difference between two groups in the screws at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation (P>0.05). Biomechanics test showed that the maximum load at the nail-bone interface of the POC-click-HA group was lower than that of the PDLLA group at 4 weeks after operation (P<0.05). While there was no significant difference between the two groups at 8 weeks and 12 weeks (P>0.05). 　Conclusions　Citric acid polymer composite hydroxyapatite (POC-click-HA) screw has good biocompatibility and biomechanics,which can be better utilized for Beagles’ lateral femoral condyle B1 fractures.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Seabuckthorn polysaccharide alleviates insulin resistance, liver and kidney function damage in diabetic rats by inhibiting PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway Yao Lan, Jiang Chengxia, Guo Yanyan, You Chengshan, Li Mei, Ye Xujuan Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (2): 187-191.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.02.013187 Abstract （649）      PDF（pc） （5343KB）（45）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the effects of seabuckthorn polysaccharide (SP) on insulin resistance, liver and kidney function damage in diabetic rats.　Methods　Rats were randomly divided into the following groups: a control group, a streptozocin  (STZ) group, a rosiglitazone (RSG) group (4 mg.kg-1.d-1) and a low, a medium and a high dose SP group (50, 100, 200 mg.kg-1.d-1). All rats except the control group were established as type II diabetes model. After drug treatment, the body weight, bilateral kidney weight, fasting blood sugar and insulin levels were measured by balance, blood glucose meter and Elisa, and renal hypertrophy index and insulin resistance index were calculated. The levels of HbA1C and adiponectin were detected by Elisa, and the levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, PRO, Scr and BUN were detected by biochemical analyzer. Oil red O and HE staining were used to observe hepatic fat deposition and renal histomorphology. Western Blot was used to detect the activation level of PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway. Results　Compared with the model group, the body weight, adiponectin and HDL-C content in the medium and high doses of SP group significantly increased (P<0.05). While the blood glucose content, insulin resistance index, kidney hypertrophy index, HbA1C, plasma insulin, the levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, proteinuria, Scr, BUN in the medium and high doses of SP group significantly down-regulated (P<0.05). SP could alleviate liver lipid deposition and kidney damage, and inhibit the activity of PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway in rats.　Conclusions　Seabucthorn Polysaccharide can alleviate insulin resistance, liver and kidney function damage in diabetic rats, its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway activity. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Select Clinical study of minimally invasive percutaneous screw fixation for digital treatment of talar posterior process fractures Wei Ke, Chen Qiwang, Mao Haijiao Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2021, 39 (2): 192-195.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2021.02.014 Abstract （351）      PDF（pc） （1970KB）（45）       Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate the clinical effect of digital technology assisted minimally invasive percutaneous screw fixation in the treatment of talar posterior process fractures.　Methods　A total of 19 patients with talar fracture treated from June 2014 to December 2018 were selected, including 13 males and 6 females, aged from 28 to 57 years, with an average of 37.7 years. The causes of injury were 5 cases of car accident injuries, 11 cases of fall injuries from heights, and 3 cases of sprains. There were 11 cases of talar posterior process fracture, 4 cases of subtalar joint dislocation, 2 cases of ankle fracture, and 2 cases of calcaneus fracture. Digital technology was used to perform precise minimally invasive surgery on the above patients. The AOFAS Ankle Hindfoot Scale and Visual Analogue Score (VAS score) were used to evaluate the function of the affected foot before operation and at the last follow-up.　Results　Nineteen patients were followed up for 9 months to 22 months, with an average of 14.2 months. All patients had no complications such as incision infection, fracture displacement, vascular and nerve injury, and unhealed bone. AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score: preoperative (38.8±12.4) points and postoperative (87.0 ±6.4) points. VAS score: preoperative (4.8±1.2) points and postoperative (1.0±0.7) points. The AOFAS ankle- hindfoot score was excellent in 17 cases of patients and good in 2 cases of patients.　Conclusions　The application of digital technology assisted minimally invasive percutaneous screw fixation in the treatment of talar posterior process fractures can improve the accuracy of surgery, shorten the operation time, and reduce surgical trauma. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）