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The bone architectures of distal fibula: anatomical features and clinical significance CHEN Zhen-Guang, ZHENG Xiao-Hui, DAO Ku-Xiang, YANG Yu-Hua, LIN Hai-Chao, KONG Jin-Song Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2009, 27 (6): 672-.   Abstract （4819）            Knowledge map    Save         Objective: To deepen the anatomical understanding on distal fibula and offer the reasonable evidences for clinical application. Methods: The morphologic features of the full length of fibula, emphasized on the distal one fourth, were studied and measured on 73 adult dry specimens of fibula (left 42, right 31). Results: The average full length of fibula was about（34.1±2.5）cm. The length from the bifurcate point on distal anterior border and the triangle tuberosity on distal medial surface to the tip of lateral malleolus were （8.5±1.2）cm and (5.9±0.8）cm respectively. The extraversion angle of the articular surface of lateral malleolus was （153.1±5.7）°.  Conclusions: (1) The bone architectues and their distinctive changes on distal 1/4 of fibula would give us a belief that the distal 1/4 of fibula could be defined as the lateral malleolus from broad definition. The bone defect on this segment is hard to be satisfactorily restored. (2) The harvested boundary of fibular flap should not be extended to the distal quarter.（3）The proximal migration of lateral malleolus is often observed on long term follow-up cases, especially in children. (4) The trans-fibular approach for ankle fusion is a convenient and reliable method. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Neuroendoscopic applied anatomy of the lateral ventricular approach TUN Chun-Fu, LIU 　Hua, LIANG Jian-An, TUN Wei-Jiang, JIANG Yun-Shao Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2010, 28 (3): 262-.   Abstract （4547）            Knowledge map    Save Objective    To study characteristics of the lateral ventricle and the third ventricle, and provide anatomic basis for neuroendoscopic operations.  Methods    By adopting three kinds of approaches (forecoronale frontal horn, triangular area and occipital horn approach) to the ventricles respectively, the structures of lateral ventricles and the third ventricles were observed and measured in 10 adult cadaveric head specimens under neuroendoscope.   Results    (1) Through forecoronale frontal horn approach, the rigid endoscope can clearly show the bodies and frontal horns of the ventricles, and the "Y" shaped interventricular foramen, which connected to third ventricle. (2)The distances from cortex-punctured point to later ventricle and interventricular foramen were (28.7±2.6) mm and (55.1±2.8) mm through forecoronale approach, and the distance from frontal horn to interventricular foramen were (30.8±2.3) mm, as well the sagittal and transverse diameters of interventricular foreman (5.6±1.4) mm and (3.2±1.1) mm, the sagittal and transverse diameters of interthalamic adhesion (6.3±1.8) mm and (3.4±1.2) mm. (3) Bodies of the ventricles and choroids plexus could be exposed through transoccipital horn and triangular area approaches.   Conclusions     (1) Neuroendoscopic forecoronale frontal horn approach was a ideal approach to present lateral ventricle, interventricular foramen areas and the third ventricle． (2) An ideal operational space in the trigone and body of lateral ventricle can be provided by endoscopic transoccipital horn approach，which is a valuable way to treat lesions in occipital horn and trigone of lateral ventricle．(3)Triangular area approach is less value during clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Sonographic exploration of fetal retronasal triangle during the first trimester of pregnancy JIA Xun, CHEN Cui-Hua, GUO Fei-Yan, QIU Yu-Wen, HUANG Chi-Ping, WEN Hua-Han, LI Zheng-Yi Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2012, 30 (5): 529-532.   Abstract （4497）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To investigate and compare two-dimentional and multiplanar sonograms of fetal retronasal triangles during the first trimester of pregnancy.　Methods　Sonographic data from 89 healthy pregnant women at the time of first-trimester period were collected. The mid-sagittal, coronal, transverse and multiplanar views of fetal retronasal triangle were evaluated and analyzed.　Results　Both 2D and TUI views showed the retronasal triangle clearly. The fetal nasal bone and palate showed clearly on the mid-sagittal views, retronasal triangle composed with processus frontalis maxillae and palate showed on coronal views, the relationship of retronasal triangle and palate showed clearly on the transverse views. The qualified rate and scores in the mid-sagittal and coronal views showed no difference between 2D and TUI views (P>0.05), but  was more better on TUI than 2D, for transverse views (P<0.05).　Conclusions　Both 2D and TUI could determine the retronasal triangle during the first trimester of pregnancy. The sonographic examination of retronasal triangle may be useful in the early diagnosis of cleft palate. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The radiographic study and clinical significance of femoral offset YAN Gao, HUANG Zhang, JIANG Hua, SUN Dun-Yang Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2010, 28 (1): 10-.   Abstract （4432）            Knowledge map    Save         Objective  To investage the range of femoral offset and explore its clinical significance. Methods  100 cases of normal anteroposterior hip joints radiographic image were measured. Parameters included femoral offset, abductor lever arm, body weight lever arm, femoral head diameter, neck-shaft angle, the width of bone medullary cavity at the plane of lesser trochanter，20 mm above and below the lesser trochanter, diameter of the narrow cavity and canal flare index （CFI）. The correlation between femoral offset and other anatomical parameters in femur were explored by simple correlation analysis. The proximal femoral parameters between Chinese and the Western were compared.  Results   The range of femoral offset was (36.64±5.31)mm. Femoral offset and abductor lever arm was positively correlated(r=0.73, P<0.01). Femoral offset was negatively correlated neck-shaft angle(r=-0.46, P<0.01). There were no significance correlation between femoral offset and other anatomical parameters in femur. There was a significant difference in the diameter of the femoral head, neck-shaft angle, femoral offset, abductor lever arm between men and women (P <0.05). There was a significant difference in neck-shaft angle, femoral offset between Chinese and the Western (P<0.01). Conclusions   The range of femoral offset was (36.64±5.31) mm. Restoration of femoral offset can recover the length of abductor lever arm and restore the biomechanics of the hip. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Morphological characteristics and functional significance of lumbosacral multifidus muscle SHAO Shi-Ze, ZHANG En-Zhong, FU Song, TAN Yuan-Chao, HOU Hai-Chao, WANG Zheng Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2010, 28 (1): 17-.   Abstract （3834）            Knowledge map    Save         Objective  To study anatomic features of the lumbosacral multifidus muscle and provide reference for reducing spinal injury during posterior lumbar surgery.  Methods  25 corpses were dissected. The origin, insertion, the construction of muscle bundle, and the relationship with adjacent structures of multifidus muscle were observed and measured. Results   The superficial part of the multifidus muscle originated from long sacroiliac ligament, and the medial side of posterior superior iliac spine, however, the deep ones from the sacral plank and sacroiliac short ligament. The width of short tendon of L1-5 multifidus muscle were respectively (15.10±2.43), (15.68±2.79), (14.82±2.77), (14.16±3.62) and (11.58±2.46)mm. The width of it were respectively (4.72±0.99), (5.42±1.14), (5.86±0.99), (5.90±1.06) and (4.68±0.62)mm.  Conclusions   Multifidus muscle is one of key elements to keep the stability of the spine, for it participates in the dorsal extension of vertebral column and the maintenance of lumbar spine lordosis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anatomic features and clinical significance of superficial branch of radial nerve WANG Pei, SUN Bo, DU Yuan-Liang, YANG Zhen-Jun, SUN He Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2010, 28 (1): 31-.   Abstract （3783）            Knowledge map    Save         Objective  To report anatomical features and clinical significance of subcutaneous segment of superficial branch of radial nerve.  Methods  42 adult upper limb specimens were applied in this study to dissect and observe the running and distribution of superficial branch of radial nerve.  Results   The superficial branch of radial nerve emerged from the brachioradialis at the distance of (8.33±1.16)cm before reaching styloid process of radius, then ran ahead between brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis subcutaneously, at the distance of 4.58cm before reanching styloid process of radius, which divided into medial and lateral branch. The lateral branch ran ahead at the facies volaris of the styloid process of radius and became the sensory nerve of the thumb. At the distance of (1.32±0.26)cm and at the proximal end of styloid process of radius, the medial branch went dorsally divided into 2 branches at the midpiece of the first and second metacarpal bone, then became the sensory nerve of the hand dorsal. The angel between superficial branch of radial nerve and the brachioradialis was （20.7±3.16）°, The angel between medial and lateral branch was （18.0±4.4）°，and the length between them at the level of styloid process of radius was （1.4±0.23)cm.  Conclusions   In clinic, the superficial branch of radial nerve should be repaired as far as possible according to different injuried level. For elevating the operation quality, the wound surface should be repaired by skin flap containing superficial branch of radial nerve, and the superficial branch have to be put at the center of the skin flap. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The diagnosis of MR cholangiopancreatography on the low junction of cystic duct YUAN 　Fei, LIU Yin-She, DIAO 　Jun, YUAN 　Bin, ZHANG Zhong-Jiang, AI Ke-Wen Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2010, 28 (2): 181-.   Abstract （3457）            Knowledge map    Save Objective    To assess clinical significance and value of magnetic resonance cholangio- pancreatography (MRCP) as a noninvasive method to evaluate the low junction of the cystic duct．Methods　304 patients undergoing MRCP from April 2004 to June 2009 were evaluated retrospectively．The low junction of cystic duct was defined when the cystic junction was detected in the lower third of the common bile duct. The location of insertion, the length and diameter of cystic duct and the associated lesions were also evaluated.   Results　Low junction of the cystic duct was clearly assessed in11 patients by MRCP. The cystic duct inserted to the left side of the common bile duct in 8 patients, to the posterior side in 2 cases and to the right side in 1 patient. The length of cystic duct exceeded 40mm except one 10 years old patient with 38.5mm. 7 cases were associated with cholecystitis and gallstone.  Conclusions    MRCP is a useful, rapid, and non-invasive method for demonstrating the low junction of the cystic duct. Diagnosis of this anatomic variation prior to surgery may be helpful for procedures choice and preventing iatrogenic injury to bile ducts. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The repair of leg skin defect by the retrograde sartorius myocutaneous flap:clinical anatomy ZUO Rong-Ti, SHI Ceng-Yuan, YIN Wei-Gang, SHU 　Miao, MAO Hai-Jiao Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2010, 28 (3): 242-.   Abstract （3296）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To provide anatomic basis for repairing leg skin defects by the retrograde sartorius myocutaneous flap.   Methods　The origin, course, diameter, distribution and  anastomosis of sartorius's arteries were explored in 40 cadaveric lower limb specimens. Arteriographies were made in 4 sides of fresh specimens to study the arterial anastomosis in sartorius.  Results    Nutrient arteries of sartorius represented segmental distribution, including 6~7 branches. The arterial branches in the proximal 1/5 of sartorius came from superficial ilium circumflex artery， lateral femoral circumflex artery or deep femoral artery， in the middle 2/5 from femoral artery, and in the distal 2/5 from saphenous artery, respectively. The diameter of saphenous artery at the origin was about (1.5±0.2)mm， which was near the proximal level of adductor tubercle about (10.2±1.0)cm, and gave rise to 3~5 branches before reaching into  sartorius. The terminal branches of saphenous artery composed an arterial network around knee joint below and inside the knee joint. Segmental arteries entered into sartorius and passed along it's vertical axis with 4~7 branches. Link-pattern arterial anastomosises were formed by branches of adjacent vascular pedicles. The diameter was about 0.3 mm at anastomosis point. Cutaneous arteries and musculocutaneous arteries above deep fascia formed interlocking arterial anastomosis net which provided blood supply for the skin on sartorius.   Conclusions    Interlocking arterial anastomosises in sartorius provide blood supply for retrograde sartorius myocutaneous flap，and enlarge its cutting length. Retrograde sartorius myocutaneous flap pedicled with saphenous artery can be used to repair soft tissue defect of the middle and distal legs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anatomy and clinical significance of thoracic and lumbar vertebral laminae and interarticularis in adolescents LI Xiao-He, LI Shao-Hua, LI Zhi-Jun, CA Yong-Jiang, WANG Xing, CHEN Hai-Fang, XU Da-Chuan Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2010, 28 (1): 14-.   Abstract （3237）            Knowledge map    Save         Objective  To provide anatomic basis for clinical application and athletic medicine, by analyzing the thickness of superior and inferior border of interarticularis(STI and ITI ), the distance between superior and inferior border of interarticularis(DSII) and the thickness of vertebral laminae(TVL) on adolescent thoracic and lumbar spine.  Methods  25 specimens（T1～L5）from adolescents(aged from 14 to 19 years, averagely 16.5 year) were measured and compared, with the anatomic parameters of STI, ITI, DSII and TVL. Results  STI increased gradually, from T1 to T12 level（ranged from 2.96±0.69 mm to 3.74±0.55 mm）, and then decreased from L1 to L5 level (ranged from 4.29±0.98mm to 4.83±0.80mm); ITI increased from T1 to L5 level（ranged from 4.52±1.00mm to 7.30±1.24mm); DSII increased from T1 to T12 level and decreased from L1 to L5 level（ranged between 17.51±3.55mm and 7.90±1.71mm）; TVL ranged between (17.51±3.55)mm and (7.90±1.71)mm, and presented the shape of sella.  Conclusions  The results of thoracic and lumbar vertebral laminae and interarticularis in adolescents show that, ITI is always thicker than STI. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anatomic investigation of modified operation for treating congenital torticollis CHAN Jian-Lin, JIANG , HENG , LI 　Fang, SUN Tian-Qing, SHI Shu-Shan Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2009, 27 (6): 644-.   Abstract （3192）            Knowledge map    Save 【Abstract】 Objective: To improve the routine operation for treating congenital torticollis on the basis of characteristics of cervical fascia. Methods: 12 embalmed adult cadavers were used in this study. Anatomic relationship of the platysma muscle and the superficial layer of cervical fascia(envelope fascia) were dissected and observed. The envelope fascia were cut about 3cm longitudinally 1.5cm above the clavicle and 0.5cm medially to the medial boundary of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and then, the lateral border of sternocleidomastoid were divided from the deeper of the posterior sheath of the muscle, for the exposure and observation of the deep layer of cervical fascia and carotid sheath. Results: The superficial layer of cervical fascia was intact and compact, which enveloped the sternocleidomastoid thoroughly and can be dissected from platysma muscle easily at the anterior part of the neck. At the middle and inferior part of the neck, the hind fascia sheath of the sternocleidomastoid can be separated from the carotid sheath easily. Conclusions: According to the anatomic features of cervical fascia, it's possible to improve the operation for treating congenital torticollis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Relationship of the mandibular canal with the mandibular posterior teeth and its clinical significance FU Sheng-Qi, FAN Ti-Yi, LIU Heng-Xin, LI Min, DOU Wen-An, MA Hui-Jiang, OU Yang-Jun Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2009, 27 (6): 651-.   Abstract （3184）            Knowledge map    Save Objective: To provide anatomic basis for the mandibular dental implant operation of the clinical oral surgery. Methods: 10 fresh mandibles, 18 adult mandibles with total teeth and 20 volunteers without agomphosis were selected and exposed the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle, the mandibular canal and the dental root of mandibular posterior teeth, scanned in series by CT，and then its three-dimensional image were reconstructed. The relationship of the inferior alveolar nerve with the inferior alveolar vessels were observed, the dental root of mandibular posterior teeth to the superior wall of mandibular canal was measured with vernier caliper and three-dimensional reestablish working station respectively. Results: The mandibular canal was traveling through the bottom of alveolar fossa. Its lingual side was thick, the inferior alveolar vessels were laid above the inferior alveolar nerve in the mandibular canal. The distance was near from the distal root of mandibular molar to the mandibular canal than that of the mesial root. The distance from the dental root of first premolar, second premolar, first molar, second molar, third molar to the superior wall of mandibular canal were 8.36±2.34 mm, 8.42±2.42 mm, 7.36±2.21 mm, 7.52±2.18 mm, 3.22±1.40 mm, 3.36±1.85 mm, 2.96±1.54 mm, 2.84±1.55 mm, 3.64±1.72 mm and 3.88±1.76 mm in specimen and imaging separately. Conclusions: (1) The distance from the second molar to the mandibular canal was the nearest than that of the others, it was the second molar, first molar, third molar, second premolar and first premolar from the near to the far. (2) It is significant for choosing appropriate length of dental implantation, which avoid the injury for the inferior alveolar nerve. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The measurement, spatial stereotaxis and clinical significance of optical canal: Multi-slice spiral CT study YANG Qin-Tai, LI Feng, JU Yan, KANG Peng, CA Wei-Wei, LIU Xian, ZHANG Ge-Hua, LI Yuan Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2009, 27 (6): 694-.   Abstract （3182）            Knowledge map    Save 　　Objective： To investigate a accurate radiologic method for the measurement and spatial stereotaxis of optic canal. Methods：20 cadaveric skulls were scanned under Multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) according to the baseline from nasal processus to clinoideus anterior. The imaging results of of optic canal and its adjacent structures were analyzed and compared with that of gross anatomy, for verifying the accuracy of the location of optic canal on CT. Results：①The scan plane from nasal processus to clinoideus anterior accorded with optic canal completely；②Locating mark of optic canal on MSCT images accorded with that of dissection results completely, which was all synchronously displayed by three-dimensional reconstruction images in the sagittal lateral wall of sinus；③The distances of orbital aperture to nasal columella, intracranial interior opening to nasal columella and the length of optic canal interior wall were (77.84±3.60)mm, (77.35±3.22)mm, (84.28±4.46)mm, (84.04±4.58)mm and (10.23±1.31)mm, (10.02±1.24)mm respectively. There was no significant difference for measured values between radiology and anatomy (P>0.05). Conclusions： By MSCT, the baseline from nasal processus to clinoideus anterior, and three-dimensional image workstations technology, we could precisely observe, measure and locate optic canal and it's adjacent structures. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Modified Barium Sulfate-latex injection technique for angiography Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2010, 28 (1): 104-.   Abstract （3158）            Knowledge map    Save          Objective  To improve the angiographic images of barium sulfate-latex injection technique and replace toxic lead oxide as the standard contrast medium. Methods  45 SD rats underwent angiography compared with different concentrations and types of latex, and the proportion of barium sulfate to latex, and adjusted radiographic parameters for the injection of barium sulfate. Results  The perfusate was prepared as follows: 10ml of latex was diluted in 20ml of water(20℃), with 27 grams of barium sulfate (used in clinical medicine) added. The average amount of barium sulfate mixture injected was 20-30ml/300g, which provided high quality angiograms. Conclusions  Modified Barium Sulfate-latex technique provides high-quality angiograms. Besides, barium sulfate does no harm to the health of researchers, which makes it a good method for the study of cutaneous artery and perforator flap. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Applied anatomy of hematorrhea control in fracture of pelvis by abdominal artery terminal oppression in vitro WU Gang, SANG Xian-Fu, BAO Guang-Xin, LI Xu, WANG Zan-Zhi Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2010, 28 (1): 20-.   Abstract （3141）            Knowledge map    Save         Objective  To supply applied anatomy basis for hematorrhea control in fracture of pelvis by abdominal artery terminal oppression in vitro.  Methods  14 cadaver specimens, 8 male and 6 female, were observed. Taking the superior border of L5 as the basic point, indexes as follows were measured: 1. The relationship between cleft hilum and the distal end of abdominal artery or lumbar vertebrae body; 2. The position of the initial point of the inferior mesenteric plexus. 3. The relationship between the vertic tracks of abdominal artery, lumbar vertebrae, and inferior vena cava. Results  The abdominal artery terminal located between 22 mm above and 15 mm below the superior border of L5. The marker for abdominal artery terminal oppression in vitro, according to the relationship between the body surface projection of cleft hilum and abdominal artery terminal lumbar vertebrae, roughly overlapped the human median line. Conclusions  According to the anatomy basis, cleft hilum can be regard as the marker for abdominal artery terminal oppression in vitro for hematorrhea control in fracture of pelvis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anatomical study on the insertion of flexor digitorum profundus tendon and extensor tendon ZHANG Lei, HUO Yong-xin, DU Xiao-jian, ZHANG Wen-long, ZUO Yu-ming, WANG Yue-guang, ZHANG Jun-shan Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2019, 37 (6): 614-618.   Abstract （3120）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To study the differences of the volar and dorsal insertion of flexor digitorum profundus tendon and extensor tendon in the base of the distal phalanx and provide anatomical base for possible mechanism of Seymour fracture. 　Methods　10 hand specimens were collected from the anatomical laboratory of the hospital, including 3 left hand cases and 7 right hand cases, all of which were male patients，aged 24~58 years old. All 2~5 fingers were 10 fingers respectively, and all fingers had no history of traumatic surgery or deformity. The flexor digitorum profundus tendon and extensor tendon of each finger were cut apart from the level of the volar and dorsal interphalangeal joint and separated at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint. The distances from the insertion of flexor digitorum profundus tendon and extensor tendon to the volar and dorsal articular surfaces of the distal phalanx were recorded, and the insertion levels of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon and the extensor tendon at the volar and dorsal phalanx were compared.　Results　The distances from the articular surface to the proximal insertion point of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon for each finger were as follows: the index fingers (2.19±0.27) mm, the middle fingers (2.50±0.14) mm, the ring fingers (2.23±0.16) mm, and the little fingers (1.83±0.19) mm. The distances from the proximal extensor tendon insertion point to the articular surface for each finger were as follows: the index fingers (0.12±0.02) mm, the middle fingers (0.18±0.02) mm, the ring fingers (0.12±0.05) mm, and the little fingers (0.06±0.01) mm. The differences of each finger were statistically significant (P<0.05). The distances from the middle point of the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon to the articular surface for each finger were as follows: the index fingers (3.73±0.45) mm, the middle fingers (4.33±0.45) mm, the ring fingers (3.53±0.46) mm, and the little fingers (3.16±0.41) mm. The distances from the middle point of the insertion of the extensor tendon to the articular surface for each finger were as follows: the index fingers (1.77±0.06) mm, the middle fingers (1.76±0.20) mm, the ring fingers (1.77±0.06) mm, and the little fingers (1.47±0.10) mm. The differences of each finger were statistically significant (P<0.05).　Conclusions　The insertion point of the extensor tendon at the base of the terminal phalanx is much closer to the articular surface than that of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon, which provides anatomical basis for the mechanism of Seymour fracture. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anatomy and variations of hepatic portal vein: CT imaging and its clinical significance YAN Xiao-Beng, LI Cai-Yang, TIAN Xiao, LIANG An-Lu Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2009, 27 (6): 698-.   Abstract （3086）            Knowledge map    Save 　　Objective: To explore anatomic features and variations of intrahepatic portal vein adoting multi-slice CT. Methods: Enhancement scanning CT data of the portal and hepatic venous systems from 200 healthy volunteers were analyzed and classified according to their anatomic features, while, the parameters of portal system were analyzed quantitatively. Results：For all patients examined, the intrahepatic portal vein system of 163 patients (81.5 %) distributed normally, of 23 (11.5 %) , 13 (6.5 %) and 1 (0.5 %) appeared Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ types of anatomic variations respectively, however, the absence of the horizontal segment of the left portal vein or right portal vein was not be observed. Dpv, Dsv and Dsmv had significant difference（P<0.05）between male and females. Conclusions：The anatomy and variations of the hepatic portal veins can be easily recognized under multi-slice CT portography(MSCTP). Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Applied anatomical relationship between cerebellar artery and trigeminal nerve root TIAN Wei-dong, PENG Long-feng, ZHU Shao-lei, WANG Xiao-wen Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy    2020, 38 (6): 625-628.   DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2020.06.001 Abstract （3068）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To observe the anatomy of the Chinese cadaver specimens, the initial position of the cerebellar artery, the characteristics of the course and the adjacent relationship between the cerebellar artery and the trigeminal nerve roots, providing anatomical basis for the trigeminal microvascular decompression operation.　Methods　Twelve adult cadaveric specimens fixed in formalin were collected, the superior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery and trigeminal nerve were dissected   microscopically. At the same time, the location of the relevant arteries, nerves, and walking characteristics were observed, and the outer diameter of the initial segment of the artery and its closest distance to the trigeminal nerve root were measured.　Results　A total of 27 superior cerebellar arteries were found in 12 cadaveric heads, 2 of which compressed trigeminal nerve roots, 5 of which branches contacted with nerve roots, and the closest distance between the remaining non-contacted and the trigeminal nerves was (3.87±1.58) mm（0.55~6.30 mm）. There were 23 cases of anterior inferior cerebellar arteries, 1 of them compressed nerve root, 2 of them contacted with nerve roots, and the nearest distance with trigeminal nerve roots was (4.67±1.77) mm（2.65~9.50 mm). Twenty-one posterior inferior cerebellar arteries were found, and the closest distance to the trigeminal nerve root was (17.12±3.86) mm (10.45~25.70 mm), and there was no contact or compression between the arteries and nerve roots.　Conclusions　The superior cerebellar arteries are closely related to the trigeminal nerve roots and often contact with the roots and compresses them, which is the main anatomical basis for the occurrence of trigeminal neuralgia. The anterior inferior cerebellar artery is slightly apart from the trigeminal nerve, and can also contact with the trigeminal nerve or compress the nerve, which is one of the anatomical foundation of trigeminal neuralgia. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anatomic features of diaphragma sellae and its clinic implications LIANG Jin, QI Song-Chao, FAN Dun, DAN Jin, LIU Yun-Chao, YA Xiao-Rong Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2013, 31 (2): 123-126.   Abstract （3050）            Knowledge map    Save Objective　To evaluate the anatomic characteristics of diaphragma sellae and its surrounding structures and discuss its clinical implications. 　Method　Fifteen heads of adult cadavers were observed and measured under the operative microscopy.　Result 　The midpoint of the optic chiasm (OC) was located on the midline in 66.7% (10 cases) and at the left and right sides of the sella turcica in 20%(3 cases) and 13.3%(2 cases), respectively. The foramen of diaphragma sellae (FDS) was completely covered by OC in 73.4%(11 cases), and was partially covered in 26.6%(4 cases). The position of FDS relative to OC was situated in the midline in 66.7 %(10 cases), in the left side in 26.7%(4 cases) and in the right side in 6.6% (1 case). Diaphragm sellae appeared concave in 80% (12 cases), convex in 13.3%(2 cases) and flat in 6.7%(1 case) when viewed from above. The average of anteroposterior diameter of FDS was 6.59 mm (range, 2.20 ~ 12.10 mm ) and the average transverse diameter was 7.32mm (range, 3.10 ~ 13.40 mm). we classified the diaphragm sellae into three types according to the FDS diameters variations: constricted type in 13.3%(2 cases); normal type in 73.4% (11 cases); and enlarged type in 13.3%(2 cases). Pituitary stalk was sited in front of dorsum sellae in 53.3% (8 cases), in the middle part in 40% (6 cases) and in the back of tuberculum sellae in 6.7% (1 case).　Conclusion The variation in the diameter of FDS could exert influence on the growth pattern of pituitary adenomas and the detailed anatomic knowledge of diaphragma sellae and its ambient structures is helpful in improving the quality of operation in the sellar region. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Clinical significance and surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation associated with separation of the ring apophysis in adolescents CHEN Jian, LONG Hou-Qing, LIU Shao-Yu, XIE Gan-Hu, LI Gao-Miao, WEI Fu-Xin, HUANG Yang-Liang, LI Bi-Bao Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2010, 28 (1): 90-.   Abstract （3049）            Knowledge map    Save         Objective  To evaluate the clinical significance and surgical results of lumbar disc herniation associated with separated ring epiphysis in adolescents.  Methods  From September 1998 to March 2009, 82 cases（range 9～20y，mean 15.9 y）of adolescent lumbar disc herniation were reviewed by clinical data and CT. 22 cases of lumbar disc herniation associated with separated ring apophysis was group A. Location, size, and shape were analyzed. Discectomy and separate ring apophysis resection were carried out at the same time. 30 in 60 cases with disc herniation were group B, and discectomy was performed only. JOA and VAS were used for clinical evaluation. Clinical features and surgical outcomes were compared between group A and group B. Results   22 cases (28％) suffered from lumbar disc herniation associated with separated ring apophysis. Clinical symptom and neurological status of group A were more serious than that of group B according to VAS and JOA（P＜0.05）. Pre-operative endurable periods of group A was shorter than that of group B significantly（P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding post-operative results by JOA and VAS（P＞0.05）. Operation time and blood lost were much higher in group A（P＜0.05）. Conclusions Adolescent lumbar disc herniation associated with separated ring apophysis with more serious symptoms should be performed operation when diagnosis was determined. Bone block resection should be carried out when performing discectomy for sequestrated, large, central type, or lateral recess separated bone. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anatomy of the lobulated anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap pedicled with the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery CHEN Qing-Hua, XU Da-Chuan, ZHOU Xiao-Bing, AN 　Gao, ZHONG Guang-Meng, TUN Kun-Cheng Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy    2010, 28 (3): 237-.   Abstract （3045）            Knowledge map    Save Objective    To provide anatomical basis for the design and application of the lobulated anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap pedicled with the descending branches of the lateral femoral circumflex artery.   Methods　20 fresh lower extremities, with artery injecting of red lactoprene, were used in this study. The entry sites of the descending branches into the vastus lateralis muscle, and the branches, distribution and the anastomosis of vessels in the muscle were explored.   Results  (1) Descending branches mainly (80.8%) came from the lateral femoral circumflex artery, with the average external diameter of (3.7±0.9) mm. the artery laid deep the rectus femoris muscle, and ran downwards along the anterior border of the vastus lateralis muscle, and branched into medial and lateral branches under the starting point about (9.0±3.5)cm. (2)The lateral branches, with the average length of the vascular pedicle of (8.1±3.3)cm, supplied the vastus lateralis muscle, which gave off 6.7 branches averagely to the vastus lateralis muscles and the skin of the anterolateral thigh. The average diameter of it was about 1.0mm, and the distance between the neighboring branches was about (1.9±0.9) cm. (3) There were (2.5±1.2) cutaneous branches appeared in the anterolateral thigh area with the diameter of (0.8±0.3)mm, and in these branches, 23.8% were spatium intermusculare perforators and 76.2% musculo-cutaneous perforators. High cutaneous artery branches were found in 15 cases (57.7 %).   Conclusions　(1) Utilizing the different branches, the lobulated anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap can be designed, and the space between the flaps can be adjusted according to the shape and the location of the recipient site. (2)The lobulated anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap pedicled with the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery is an ideal selection to restore the complex wounds. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）