Table of Content

25 September 2023 Volume 41 Issue 5

  

Study on anatomical parameters of low tibial tunnel in posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction based on 3D surgical simulation technology

Chen Sijie, Guo Laiwei, Wang Zunlin, Tan Nian, Zhang Kangrui, Yun Xiangdong, Xia Yayi, Teng Yuanjun

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  505-510.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.01

Abstract ( 203 )   PDF (1895KB) ( 70 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective     To establish the low tibial tunnel based on the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) 3D virtual technology to measure its anatomical parameters.    Methods    CT image data of 101 patients with healthy knee joints were selected, and PCL 3D virtual surgery model was established by using mimics21.0 (Materialise, Belgium) software. Low tibial tunnels of anteromedial and anterolateral approaches were established respectively. The anatomical parameters included the length of the posterior cruciate ligament tibial tunnel (LTT), the 3D included angle between tibial medial axis extension line and tibial plateau (3D ATPT) and perpendicular distance of the tunnel’s entry point to the tibial plateau (PTT). SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis.    Results   The average length of PCL tibial tunnel was greater in the anteromedial group than the anterolateral group was (45.56±4.27) mm versus (43.93±4.10) mm, P<0.05. The average 3D angle between tunnel and tibial plateau was greater in the anterolateral than the anteromedial (54.49±5.81)° versus (48.17±6.12) °, P<0.05. The PTT in the anteromedial group and the anterolateral group were (61.86±6.80) mm and (63.51±6.32) mm, respectively (P<0.05). All the above parameters had statistical differences.   Conclusions    The parameters related to the low tibial tunnel measured in this study can provide theoretical reference for PCL reconstruction surgery in clinical practice.

MRI anatomical differences of retroperitoneal blood vessels and psoas muscle in different body positions

Yi Honglei, Chen Hu, Wang Xinhui, Zhu Changrong, Lian Peirong, Xia Hong

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  511-515.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.02

Abstract ( 154 )   PDF (3169KB) ( 91 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

 Objective    To explore the changes of the abdominal aorta and vena cava in different lumbar intervertebral space levels in supine, prone, and lateral positions, and the thickness and displacement of the psoas muscle were noted as well to define the safe working zone for lateral lumbar interbody fusion. Methods    Fifteen volunteers underwent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations in different positions (supine, prone and lateral positions). The position of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava, the thickness, and displacement of the psoas major muscle at each intervertebral space level (L1/2~L4/5) on MRI were recorded and compared as well.    Results    In the same segment, the distribution of the inferior vena cava in different positions was similar. However, compared with the supine position, the abdominal aorta moved anteriorly to the anterior edge of the vertebral body in the lateral and prone positions at L1/2~L3/4 levels. There were differences in the thickness of the psoas muscle between different body positions in the same segment (L2/3 A zone, L3/4 A zone, IV zone and P zone, L4/5 II zone and IV zone) (P<0.05). In addition, there were differences in the anterior displacement of the psoas muscle between different segments. At the L1/2 level, the forward movement distances of the prone (-7.53±3.30 mm) and lateral positions (-7.25±3.96 mm) were significantly greater than that of the supine position（-10.90±3.31 mm) (P=0.012). At the L2/3 level, the forward displacement of the lateral position （-0.12±5.59 mm）was significantly greater than that of supine (-5.03±2.49 mm) and prone (-3.38±3.99 mm) positions (P=0.009). There was no significant difference in the L3/4 and L4/5 levels.    Conclusions    For right lateral position, it is safe and feasible to select zone I and II for puncture in the L1/2 and L2/3 levels. And zone II is suitable to puncture in L3/4 and L4/5 levels.

Changes and influencing factors of shoulder balance related parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis after brace treatment

Cao Jiang, Yang Xiaohong, Lv Xin, Huang Hui

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  516-521.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.03

Abstract ( 67 )   PDF (1789KB) ( 47 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective    To explore the changes of balance related parameters and influencing factors in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) after brace treatment.    Methods    A total of 82 patients with AIS who received brace treatment in our hospital from June 2012 to December 2021 were selected as the research objects. Before treatment and at the last follow-up after treatment, X-ray films of the whole spine in the natural standing position were taken. According to whether the absolute value of radiographic shoulder height (RSH) after treatment was greater than that before treatment, the patients were divided into the double shoulder balance group and the double shoulder imbalance group. The shoulder balance parameters of the two groups were compared, and the correlation between RSH and imaging indexes was analyzed. The influencing factors of shoulder imbalance in patients with AIS after brace treatment were discussed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.    Results    After treatment, the incidence of shoulder imbalance was 23.17%. Before brace treatment, clavicular angle (CA) and clavicular contour angle difference (CCAD) in the double shoulder imbalance group were higher than those in the double shoulder balance group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, RSH, upper thoracic curve Cobb angle, main thoracic curve Cobb angle, CA and T1 inclination angle were significantly improved in the two groups after 6 months of treatment and 2 years of treatment, and the improvement effect was better in the double shoulder balance group (P<0.05). RSH after treatment was significantly positively correlated with CA and CCAD before treatment in the double shoulder imbalance group (r=0.896, 0.882, P<0.05),  and negatively correlated with upper chest bending  flexibility  (r=-702, P<0.05). The change of RSH after treatment was significantly positively correlated with the change of CA, the change of upper thoracic curvature angle, the correction rate of upper thoracic curvature, the change of main thoracic curvature angle and the correction rate of main thoracic curvature (r=0.906, 0.644, 0.708, 0.815, 0.878, P<0.05). Risser's sign > 3, initial Cobb's angle ≥ 35° and vertebral rotation ≥ III degree were independent risk factors for shoulder imbalance after brace treatment (P<0.05).   Conclusions   RSH, upper thoracic curve Cobb angle, main thoracic curve Cobb angle, CA and T1 tilt angle were significantly improved in AIS patients after brace treatment. Risser’s sign, initial Cobb angle and vertebral rotation were independent risk factors for shoulder imbalance in AIS patients after brace treatment.

Anatomical analysis and differential diagnosis of Poland syndrome by multi-slice spiral CT

Ye Xi, Peng Yang, Tang Guanglei, Ye Zhou, Li Ruixi, Guan Jian

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  522-526.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.04

Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (2641KB) ( 24 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective　To investigate the characteristics and differential diagnosis of Poland syndrome by Multi-slice Spiral Computed Tomography (MSCT).　Methods　The clinical and imaging data of 9 patients (8 males and 1 female) with Poland syndrome from October 2014 to January 2022 were collected, and their CT features were retrospectively analyzed. The ages of patients ranged from 18 to 83 years old, with an average age of (42±20) years old. . One patient was treated for obvious thoracic abnormality, and the other 8 patients were found accidentally during chest CT examination.　Results　All 9 cases were unilaterally involved, with 5 cases on the right side and 4 cases on the left side. Pectoralis major dysplasia was observed in 7 cases and complete absence in 2 cases. All patients’ pectoralis minor were absent, and the soft tissue of the chest walls were thin and collapsed. The MSCT images showed no normal muscle tissue density in the original pectoral muscle area, and the low-density of subcutaneous adipose tissue was uniform, while the skin of chest wall was continuous. Reconstructed images showed loss of the pectoralis and subcutaneous soft tissue in the affected side, the position of the two papillae was asymmetrical, while the structure of contralateral pectoral muscle was normal. Among them,  multiple malformations of the chest wall was shown on the one patient’s CT, which included pectoralis major dysplasia, pectoralis minor absence, serratus anterior absence, skeletal thoracic collapse, the 3rd and 4th rib dysplasia, nipple dysplasia, thinning of the subcutaneous soft tissue of chest wall, and dextrocardia.　Conclusions　The CT manifestations of Poland syndrome are typical. By combination of axial MSCT images and multiplanar reconstruction, the anatomical structure of chest wall muscles and bones can be clearly shown, which helps to make definite diagnosis and differentiation.

Assessment of anterior cruciate ligament degenerative injury by diffusion kurtosis imaging 

Xia Zhenyuan, Lan Lan, Mo Xinxin, Yang Chen, Yu Xiaoping, Li Min

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  527-530.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.05

Abstract ( 61 )   PDF (3968KB) ( 59 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective     To investigate the clinical value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in assessing early degenerative injury of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).    Methods   Fifty unilateral knees of patients underwent DKI scan were collected prospectively from January 2021 to March 2022. They were divided into a normal group (n=25) and a degeneration group (n=25) according to the results of arthroscopy examination. The differences of mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (AK), radial kurtosis (RK), mean diffusion (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of ACL between two groups were compared.   Results    The MK value, AK value, RK value and FA value in the degeneration group were lower than those in the normal group significantly (t=8.132, 5.313, 6.885, 9.035, all P<0.01), while MD value were higher than that of the normal group (t=-5.145, P<0.01). The results of the ROC analysis revealed that the above DKI parameters had diagnostic value for ACL degenerative injury, and MK value had the highest diagnostic efficiency. When MK value was 0.884, its diagnostic efficiency was the highest. The sensitivity, specificity, Youden index and area under the ROC curve were 92%, 96%, 0.88 and 0.979, respectively.   Conclusions   Diffusion kurtosis imaging can quantitatively evaluate early degenerative injury of ACL, which providing reference for clinical evaluation of ACL physiological degeneration.

CTA manifestations and clinical significance of ectopic oropharyngeal internal carotid artery 

Han Kai

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  531-534.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.06

Abstract ( 59 )   PDF (1913KB) ( 45 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective    To analyze CTA manifestations of ectopic oropharyngeal internal carotid artery and its clinical significance.    Methods   The clinical and imaging data of 363 patients who underwent head and neck CTA from January 2021 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and the internal carotid artery form of oropharyngeal was analyzed.    Results    It was found that the incidence of ectopic oropharyngeal internal carotid artery was 4.96% (18 cases). Among the 18 patients, there were 3 cases of bilateral oropharyngeal internal carotid artery heterotopia, 11 cases on the right side and 4 cases on the left side. The average distance from the variant internal carotid artery to the pharyngeal wall was (3.16±1.47) mm. Most of patients had no obvious local symptom, and some had pharyngeal foreign body sensation, sleeping snoring, swallowing obstruction and transient syncope during eating.   Conclusions   CTA can clearly and accurately display the ectopic oropharyngeal internal carotid artery, and improve its detection rate, so as to provide anatomical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Intrinsic transforming growth factor Beta signaling in myofiber promotes the role on macrophages efferocytosis in acute injured skeletal muscle

Liao Zhaohong, Lan Haiqiang, Wang Han, Jian Xiaoting, Huang Jingwen, Huang Shuxian, Liao Hua

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  535-542.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.07

Abstract ( 67 )   PDF (13004KB) ( 25 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective    To explore the role of skeletal muscle intrinsic transforming growth factor Beta (TGF-β) signaling on macrophages efferocytosis in inflamed muscle induced by Cardiotoxin (CTX ) injection. Methods    Wild C57BL/6 mice (control group) and mice with skeletal muscle-specific deficiency of TGF-βII (SM TGF-βr2-/- group) were selected. Acute injured skeletal muscle was induced by CTX injection to the tibialis anterior muscle. After injection, the differences of the exudation of macrophages, macrophages phenotype, apoptotic cells and the role on macrophages efferocytosis in the inflamed muscle between the two groups were compared. Ultraviolet irradiation was taken to induce of apoptotic cells. In vitro, differentiation culture of primary WT, or SM TGF-βr2-/- myoblasts (MPCs) were co-cultured with macrophages and apoptotic cells to compare and analyze the differences of the role on macrophages efferocytosis.    Results    Compared with the control group, the exudation of inflammatory cells in the injured muscle in SM TGF-βr2-/- group significantly increased, mainly contained mononuclear cells/macrophages. The proportion of M1 macrophages significantly increased (P<0.05), but the proportion of M2 macrophages and the role on macrophages efferocytosis significantly decreased (P<0.05). In the co-cultured system in vitro, compared with the WT-MPCs co-culture system, the role on macrophages efferocytosis and the proportion of M2 macrophages significantly decreased in TGF-βr2-/- -MPCs co-culture system in the pro-inflammatory milieu (P<0.05). Conclusions    Intrinsic TGF-β signaling can promote the role on macrophages efferocytosis in the injured muscle by regulating macrophage phenotype, thus relieving local inflammation and accelerating muscle repair.

Mechanism of LncRNA NEAT1 on invasion and migration of pituitary tumor cells

Zheng Kai, Luo Xiuling, Zhang Weihao, Liu Yuli, Li Yuming, Liao Shanggao

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  543-549.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.08

Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (9258KB) ( 46 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective    To explore the effect and potential mechanism of lncRNA NEAT1 on the invasion and migration of pituitary tumor cells.    Methods    The expressions of lncRNA NEAT1, miR-134, and ITGB1 were detected by qRT-PCR. Transwell was used to detect the invasion and migration. The regulatory relationship between miR-134 and lncRNA NEAT1 and ITGB1 was detected by a double luciferase reporter gene experiment. The expression of ITGB1/FAK/PI3K pathway-related proteins was detected by Western blot.    Results    Knockdown of lncRNA NEAT1 inhibited the invasion and migration of GH3 cells (P<0.05); inhibition of miR-134 could reverse the inhibitory effect of down-regulated lncRNA NEAT1 on the invasion and migration of GH3 cells (P<0.05). miR-134 had a negative targeted regulation relationship with lncRNAs NEAT1 and ITGB1 (P<0.05). Up-regulation of miR-134 inhibited the invasion and migration of GH3 cells and inhibited the activation of the ITGB1/FAK/PI3K pathway (P<0.05). ITGB1 overexpression attenuated the effect of up-regulated miR-134 on GH3 cells (P<0.05).   Conclusions   Down-regulation of lncRNA NEAT1 targeting miR-134 may inhibit the invasion and migration of pituitary tumor cells by inhibiting the activation of the ITGB1/FAK/PI3K pathway.

Vagus nerve stimulation reduces neuroinflammation through microglia M1/M2 polarization regulation to improve cognitive function of epileptic rats

Li Yongge, Zhou Shu, Liu QingChun, Wei Xiaoming, Zhang Dong, Ma Fengqiao

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  550-556.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.09

Abstract ( 56 )   PDF (6400KB) ( 55 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective   To explore the effect of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on cognitive function in rats with intractable epilepsy and its possible mechanism.    Methods   The intractable epilepsy rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride pilocarpine. The rats were randomly divided into a model group (18 rats), a VNS group (15 rats) and a control group (20 rats). The vagus nerve was separated and the stimulator was implanted, but no stimulation for the rats in the control group and model group, while the rats in the VNS group underwent vagus nerve stimulation for 4 weeks. The seizure of rats was detected. Morris water mate test was used to detect the cognitive function of rats. The pathological morphology of hippocampus was observed by Nissl staining. The expression levels of TNF-ɑ, IL-6 and IL-10 in the hippocampus were detected by ELISA. The relative expressions of iNOS, Arg1 were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot, respectively.   Results    ①The seizure grade and duration were significantly higher in the model group than those in the control group (P<0.05). After continuous intervention with VNS for 4 weeks, the seizure grade and duration in the model group were significantly  decreased (P<0.05). ②The escape latency time of rats in the model group was significantly longer than that in the control group, and the times of crossing platform was significantly less than that in the control group (P<0.05). After continuous intervention with VNS for 4 weeks, the escape latency time of epileptic rats was significantly reduced, and the times of crossing platform increased (P<0.05). ③The morphology of hippocampal neurons was normal in the control group. The hippocampal neurons in the model group were severely damaged, and the number of neurons was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the damage of hippocampal neurons in the VNS group was significantly reduced, and the number of neurons was increased (P<0.05). ④The relative expression of TNF-ɑ and IL-6 in the hippocampus of model group were significantly higher than those in the control group, the relative expression of IL-10 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). After continuous intervention with VNS for 4 weeks, the relative expression of TNF-ɑ and IL-6 in the hippocampus of epileptic rats were significantly decreased, the relative expression of IL-10 was significantly increased (P<0.05). ⑤ Compared with the control group, the relative expression of iNOS in the hippocampus of the model group was significantly increased , while the relative expression of Arg1 was decreased significantly(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the relative expression of iNOS in the hippocampus of the VNS group was significantly decreased, while the relative expression of Arg1 was significantly increased (P<0.05).   Conclusions   VNS can significantly improve the cognitive dysfunction of rats with intractable epilepsy, and its mechanism may be through promoting the polarization of M2 microglia to reduce the inflammatory reaction of central nervous system, and protect hippocampal neurons.

The involvements of pyramidal neurons in ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the regulation of pain and anxiety-like behavior of spared nerve injury mice

Lin Peimin, Liu Yan, Liu Ting, Yin Haoling, Zhang Ying

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  557-564.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.10

Abstract ( 47 )   PDF (12494KB) ( 25 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective    To explore the role of pyramidal neurons of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in pain and anxiety-like behavior of spared nerve injury (SNI) mice.    Methods    Spared nerve injury (SNI) was used to mimic neuropathic pain (NP) animal model, while a same incision without nerve injury was performed to establish the sham control group. Kainic aicd, normal saline, AAV2/9 virus were intracranially injected into contralateral vmPFC of SNI mice. Von frey filaments were used to detect the paw withdraw threshold (PWT) of the ipsilateral planta of SNI mice. The elevated plus maze (EPM) was used to assess anxiety behaviors of SNI mice. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of c-fos, the neuronal loss and the astrocytic activation in the contralateral vmPFC. RNA-scope and immunofluorescence staining were used to identify the neuronal type of c-fos positive neuron of vmPFC. Results    Compared with sham mice, ipsilateral PWT, entries in open arms and cumulative duration in open arms of SNI mice were significantly decreased at 7d and 14d after SNI (P<0.05). Compared with sham mice, c-fos positive neurons were significantly increased in the contralateral of vmPFC of SNI mice (P<0.05). In addition, the c-fos positive neurons were almost Vglut1 positive neurons. Compared with the SNI mice which intracranially injected into contraleral vmPFC with normal saline, ipsilateral PWT, entries in open arms and cumulative duration in open arms of the SNI mice which intracranially injected into contraleral vmPFC with kainic acid were increased (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the SNI mice which intracranially injected into contraleral vmPFC with kainic acid exhibited obvious neuronal loss and astrocytic activation in the contralateral vmPFC. In addition, using chemogenetics strategy to inhibit the pyramidal neurons in contralateral vmPFC of SNI mice, the c-fos positive neurons were significantly deceased, the ipsilateral PWT, entries in open arms and cumulative duration in open arms were significantly increased (P<0.05).    Conclusions    Pyramidal neurons in the contralateral vmPFC may be involved in the development of pain and anxiety-like behaviors of SNI mice.

A method of constructing an animal model of cutaneous infectious chronic ulcer

Chen Yinyan, Zhang Min, Wang Xueer, Lu Kui, Fang Zhaoxin, Zhang Lin

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  565-571.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.11

Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (10506KB) ( 20 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective    To construct an animal model of cutaneous infectious chronic ulcer.    Methods    After the wound of C57BL/6 mice was caused by drug treatment and magnet, the wound was covered with 3M sterile transparent dressing, and the changes of the mouse wound were observed and recorded. On the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after extrusion, the wound site was taken from the material, and the pathological changes of the wound were observed by HE staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemical staining and 16SrDNA detection.    Results    In general, it was observed that there was carrion covering on the 3rd day, exudate exudation, and the carrion increased on the 28th day, and the wound healing rate was less than 0 on the 1st-28th day. Compared with normal skin, HE staining showed a large number of inflammatory cell infiltrates and necrotic tissue fragments at the wound site; Masson staining showed that only a small number of collagen fibers were scattered in the necrotic tissue at the wound site, and the arrangement was loose; Immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rate of M1 macrophages at the wound site was significantly higher than that of the surrounding normal skin (P<0.001), there was no difference in the positive rate of M2 type, and the ratio of M1 to M2 macrophages was up to 10; immunohistochemistry showed that the inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β were highly expressed at the wound site on day 14; 16SrDNA detection showed that the bacterial diversity on day 0 was obvious, and after the third day, the proteobacteria phylum accounted for more than 90%, and the diversity of wound bacteria disappeared, and dysbacteriosis appeared.     Conclusion    In this study, the use of drugs to increase the level of oxidative stress in mice, the method of magnet extrusion simulated ischemic necrosis of wound tissues, and the 3M membrane promoted the formation of wound carrion and dysbacteria, and the results of general observation, histological staining, immunohistochemistry and microbiota 16SrDNA are all consistent with the development characteristics of chronic skin ulcers in clinical practice. This modeling method can successfully construct an animal model of skin infectious chronic ulcers.

Network pharmacology combined with animal experiment to explore the mechanism of action of Runzao Zhiyang capsule in treating eczema

Hu Huiying, Hu Yinxia, Liu Changshun, Hao Yong

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  572-577.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.12

Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (5547KB) ( 51 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Objective    To reveal the pharmacological mechanism of RunZao ZhiYang capsule (RZZY) in treating eczema through network pharmacology and animal validation strategies.    Methods Twenty-three components of RZZY were selected as research objects, and the target of prescription was screened by using the database, and the target was enriched by KEGG pathway by using Metascape database. The "composition-target-pathway" network was constructed by Cytoscape software, and the associated pathways of eczema were screened. Animal experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of RZZY on eczema, and verify the regulatory effect of RZZY on key targets.    Results    There were 72 targets associated with RZZY and eczema, including JAK2, STAT3, PIK3R1, AKT1, MAPK1, etc. Key signal pathways such as AGE-RAGE, TNF, Th17 cell differentiation and PI3K-Akt have been enriched by KEGG. Animal studies  revealed that RZZY significantly reduced skin swelling, surface ulceration and penetration in eczema model rats, and decreased eczema area and severity index score, skin thickness and pathological score, confirming the down-regulation effect of RZZY on key eczema targets JAK2 and STAT3 proteins, which was consistent with the predicted results of network pharmacology.   Conclusions   This study, combined with network pharmacology and in vivo animal experiments, reveals the mechanism of RZZY on eczema, providing theoretical basis for its clinical application.

Mechanism of Orientin in improving cognitive impairment in epileptic mice by inhibiting PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway

Yin Shanshan, Ma Hong, Jiang Qi

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  578-582.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.13

Abstract ( 66 )   PDF (4323KB) ( 61 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective   To explore the mechanism of orientin in improving cognitive impairment in epileptic mice by inhibiting PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway.   Methods    The epilepsy mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine and pilocarpine hydrochloride. The mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, model group, orientin (50 mg/kg) group, MK-28 (PERK activator, 1 mg/kg) group, orientin (50 mg/kg) + MK-28 (1 mg/kg) group. After grouping, the epileptic seizures of the mice were observed. Morris water maze test was used to detect the cognitive function of mice. TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis rates of hippocampal neurons of mice. ELISA was used to measure the levels of serum COX-2, IL-18 and IL-6 of mice. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of apoptosis and PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway protein in the hippocampus of mice.    Results   The number and duration of attacks per day, escape latency, hippocampal neuronal apoptosis rate, serum COX-2, IL-18 and IL-6 levels, and hippocampal tissue caspase-3, Bax, ATF4, CHOP protein expression and p-PERK/PERK in the orientin group were lower than those in the model group and the orientin+MK-28 group (P<0.05), the change trend of each index in MK-28 group was opposite to that in orientin group.    Conclusions    Orientin can inhibit the activation of the PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway to prevent inflammation, reduce the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in epileptic mice and improve their cognitive function.

Effect of adiponectin regulating PI3K / AKt signaling pathway on periodontal tissue remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement

Xu Peiqiong, Zheng Zhiguo, Wu Jun

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  583-587.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.14

Abstract ( 53 )   PDF (2192KB) ( 39 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective    To investigate the effect of adiponectin (APN) regulating phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) / protein serine threonine kinase (AKt) signal pathway on periodontal tissue remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement.   Methods   Sixty rats were randomly divided into a blank group (untreated), a PBS group (injected with PBS), an APN group (injected with APN) and an APN + insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (PI3K / Akt pathway activator) group, 15 mice in each group. The movement distance of the first molar and the number of osteoclasts in the three groups were observed at 1d, 7 d and 14 d, and the morphological changes of periodontal tissue in the three groups were observed at 14 d. The expressions of PI3K and AKt mRNA and PI3K, p-Pi3K, AKt and p-AKt protein in periodontal tissue were compared.    Results    At 7d and 14d, the movement distance of the first molar in APN group was significantly lower than that in blank group (P<0.05). The amount of new bone formation and the degree of new bone mineralization in APN group were higher than those in blank group and PBS group. At 7d and 14d, the number of osteoclasts in APN group was significantly lower than that in blank group (P<0.05). The expressions of PI3K, AKt mRNA and p-Pi3K, p-AKt protein in periodontal tissue in APN group were significantly lower than those in blank control group (P<0.05). The expressions of PI3K, AKt mRNA and p-Pi3K, p-AKt protein in APN + IGF-1 group were significantly higher than those in APN group (P<0.05).    Conclusions    APN can reduce the number of osteoclasts on the pressure side and the speed of tooth movement in the rat model of orthodontic tooth movement, and plays an important role in delaying the remodeling of periodontal tissue during orthodontic tooth movement. Its mechanism may be realized by inhibiting PI3K / AKt signal pathway

Biomechanical comparison of horizontal screw-screw crosslink and horizontal rod-rod crosslink in C1-C2 pedicle screw-rod fixation 

Ouyang Beiping, Ma Xiangyang, Luo Chunshan, Zou Xiaobao, Liang Dongzhu, Lu Tingsheng, Chen Qiling

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  588-592.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.15

Abstract ( 50 )   PDF (3320KB) ( 23 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective    To investigate the biomechanical stability of the horizontal screw-screw crosslink in C1-C2 pedicle screw-rod fixation (C1-C2 PSR).  Methods  Six fresh human occipitocervical specimens were divided into the intact state group (group A), and the atlantoaxial instability model of type II odontoid fracture was established on the intact state group (group B). The C1-C2 PSR was performed on each specimen in the instability group (group C). In group C, horizontal rod-rod crosslink (hR-R CL) and horizontal screw-screw crosslink (hS-S CL) were successively installed in each specimen of group C to form group D and group E, respectively. Group E included upper transverse connection (two atlas screw tails) E1 group and lower transverse connection (two axis screw tails) E2 group. The specimen models were tested in order of flexion, extension, lateral flexion and lateral rotation on a  three dimensional motion machine, and the atlantoaxial ROM of each group of specimens was obtained. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to evaluate the biomechanical properties of each group.    Results   ① In all directions, the ROM the intact group and the internal fixation group was lower than that of the instability group, and there were significant differences (P< 0.05). ② In the direction of flexion and extension, there was no statistical difference in the ROM among the four internal fixation groups (P>0.05),  ROM: Group A < Group C = Group D = Group E1/E2 < Group B, in the direction of lateral flexion and rotation, the ROM of the crosslink internal fixation group was lower than that of the non-crosslink internal fixation group, and there was significant difference (P<0.05), ROM) : Group A < Group C < Group D = Group E1/E2 < Group B. ③ There were no statistical differences between group D and E1/E2 group in all directions (P>0.05), and no statistical differences between group E1 and E2 in all directions (P> 0.05).    Conclusions   Crosslink has good anti-axial rotation stability in C1-C2 pedicle screw-rod fixation. The hR-R CL has the same biomechanical stability as the traditional hS-S CL. The biomechanical properties of the hR-R CL are basically the same when it is installed on the atlas side and the axial side.

Short-term clinical efficacy comparison of unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy and percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy for L5/S1 lumbar disc herniation

Chen Wenjin, Zhang Shujun, Peng Wei, Zhuang Yin, Cui Wei, Sun Zhenzhong

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  593-598.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.17

Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (3800KB) ( 55 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objectives   To compare the short-term clinical efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy(UBED) and percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy(PEID) in the treatment of L5/S1 lumbar disc herniation(LDH).    Methods    From January 2020 to August 2022, 39 patients with L5/S1 LDH were treated with UBED or PEID in our hospital, including 24 cases in UBED group and 15 cases in PEID group. The operation time, incision length, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, intraoperative blood loss, volume of lavage fluid, changes in creatine kinase (CK) before and after surgery, postoperative hospital stay and complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to evaluate and compare the quality of life of patients in the two groups before operation, 3 days after operation, 1 month after operation and 6 months after operation.    Results    In UBED group, 1 patient had dural sac rupture during operation and 1 patient had headache after operation. One patient in PEID group had burning pain in S1 nerve root innervation area in the early postoperative period. The incision length in UBED group was longer than that in PEID group (32.6±3.9 mm vs 9.8±1.3 mm, P<0.05), and the volume of lavage fluid used was more than that in PEID group (11.1±2.3 L vs 6.5±1.1 L, P<0.05). The postoperative CK was higher than that in PEID group (351.8±99.9 U/L vs 241.4± 49.6 U/L, P<0.05), and the operation time was shorter than that in PEID group (91.5±14.8 min vs 130.4±13.8 min, P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in intraoperative fluoroscopy times, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay and complications (P>0.05). VAS score and ODI at 3 days, 1 month and 6 months after operation were significantly lower in both groups than those before operation (P<0.05), and there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05).    Conclusions UBED and PEID are both safe and effective minimally invasive surgical methods for the treatment of L5/S1 LDH, which can effectively reduce the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy and obtain similar pain relief, and improve the quality of life of patients. UBED has wider surgical field and larger operating space, while PEID has less trauma.

Application of the individualized "Three-set" guide in  discectomy

Lin Yuqian, Zhao Wei, Wang Jianlin, Wang Yujuan, Yu Qinglin, Rao Libing, Li Li

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  599-602.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.17

Abstract ( 144 )   PDF (2288KB) ( 80 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective   To explore the clinical effect of individualized "three-set" guide assisted endoscopic lumbar  discectomy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.    Methods    According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 patients with lumbar disc herniation from December to November were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n=8) was treated with traditional methods. The experimental group (n=8) was assisted by the individualized "three-set" guide in intervertebral foramen surgery. The CT data of patients were collected and imported into the software before operation to conduct individualized design, simulate the surgical puncture path, and determine the needle insertion position, needle insertion angle and needle insertion depth (referred to as "three-set"). The individualized "three-set" guider was placed on the body surface, and the puncture angle and direction were adjusted according to the correction value, and the accurate puncture was realized by the guider. The times of fluoroscopy, puncture timing and puncture frequency of the two groups were recorded and statistically analyzed.  Results  The times of fluoroscopy, puncture timing and puncture frequency of the experimental group were less than those of the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05).    Conclusions    It is feasible and effective to use the individualized "three-set" guide to assist intervertebral foramen surgery in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. 

Comparison of clinical efficacy of modified Stoppa approach and modified pararecutus abdominis approach in the treatment of acetabulum fractures

Yang Hua, Xiang Lei, Jiang Hongbing, Hu Bingbing, Zeng Canjun, Zhang Bin, Liu Wei

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  603-607.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.18

Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (2284KB) ( 34 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective   To investigate the clinical effect of the modified Stoppa approach and modified pararecutus abdominis approach in the treatment of acetabular fractures.    Methods    A retrospective study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 22 operated patients with acetabular fractures in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022. Among them, 13 cases were operated with the modified pararecutus abdominis approach (experimental group) and 9 cases were operated with the modified Stoppa surgical approach (control group). The gender, age, time from injury to operation, fracture typing, operation time, blood loss during operation, postoperative Matta score and hip function score were recorded and compared between the two groups.   Results   The general preoperative data of the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05) and were comparable. There was no significant difference in the rate of excellent quality of fracture reduction and the rate of excellent hip function between the two groups (P>0.05). In the control group, the operative time was (175.00±59.28) min, and the intraoperative blood loss was (403.33±98.62) ml. The operative time of the experimental group was (124.54±52.21) min and the intraoperative bleeding was (318.46±65.68) ml, both were better than those of the control group (P<0.05).   Conclusions   Compared with the modified Stoppa surgical approach, surgical treatment of acetabular fractures with the modified pararecutus abdominis approach reduces operative blood loss and operative time . It is a reliable treatment for pelvic acetabular fractures through the anterior approach.

Prediction of EGFR and HER2 expression in brain metastases based on different radiomics interpolator: a two-center study

Li Yanran, Wang Jian, Xu Caixia, Jin Yong

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  608-613.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.19

Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (2357KB) ( 15 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective    To predict epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression status of brain metastasis based on different radiomics interpolator and to explore the optimal interpolator for prediction.    Methods   Data from 100 patients with brain metastasis from adenocarcinoma (56 with mutant EGFR/HER2+, 44 with wild-type EGFR/HER2-) from 2 institutions were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1-CE) sequence was selected for radiomics features extraction by using 3 different interpolators (sitkNearestNeighbor, sitkLinear and sitkBSplines). A total of 1409 radiomics features were extracted from each MR interpolator. The patients were randomly divided into training coherent and independent testing coherent according to 7:3. The least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) was used to select informative features, a radiomics signature was built with the support vector machine (SVM) model of the training cohort, and the radiomics signature performance was evaluated by using an independent testing data set. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the model was calculated by the ROC curve.  The predictive performance of the model was assessed by the ROC area under curve (AUC).   Results   Nineteen selected radiomics features based on sitkBSplines interpolator showed good discrimination in both the training and independent test cohorts. The radiomics signature yielded an AUC of 0.99, a classification accuracy of 0.95, sensitivity of 0.92, and specificity of 0.97 in the training cohort, and an AUC of 0.86, a classification accuracy of 0.8, sensitivity of 0.82, and specificity of 0.78 in the independent testing data set. SitkBSplines showed better discrimination performance than other interpolations in both Center 1 and Center 2 modeling. Nine selected radiomics signature features based on sitkLinear interpolator yielded an AUC of 0.74 in training cohort and an AUC of 0.53 in the independent testing cohort.   Conclusions   Radiomics signature model has certain application value in predicting EGFR mutation /HER2 status in adenocarcinoma brain metastases, among which radiomics features based on sitkBSplines interpolation is the most effective in discrimination performance. 

Modified latex perfusion technique for visualizing the cerebral vasculature in SD rats

Sun Jianyu, Cai Kangxi, Xing Shuai, Xia Yan, Fu Weiwei

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  614-618.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.22

Abstract ( 36 )   PDF (3709KB) ( 16 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The immune mechanisms of “microglia- leucocyte axis” in the development brain under brain damage

Jia Wenji, Wu Chunyun

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  619-622.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.20

Abstract ( 41 )   PDF (967KB) ( 12 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress on factors influencing clinical efficacy after laminoplasty in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy

Duan Qifei, Liang Guoyan, Hunag Shuaihao, Chen chong, Ye Yongyu, Chang Yunbing

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  623-626.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.21

Abstract ( 44 )   PDF (1035KB) ( 19 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Classification of synovial plica of knee joint and diagnosis and treatment of synovial plica syndrome

Wang Xin, Ma Chao, Huang Jinyong, Xie Zengru

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  627-630.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.23

Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (527KB) ( 27 )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Great saphenous vein and distal termination of small saphenous vein variation：a case report

Deng Yu, Jiang Dong, Luo Shipeng, Sun Baofei, Chen Yunhua

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2023, 41(5):  631.  doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2023.5.24

Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (1093KB) ( 57 )  

Related Articles | Metrics