Objective   To investigate the damage and protective measures of recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands during ultrasound-guided microwave ablation of benign thyroid nodules.   Methods   A total of 52 patients with thyroid diseases who underwent radiofrequency ablation from January 2017 to June 2019 were selected. Postoperative follow-up was performed to observe the nodule size, blood flow signal changes, thyroid hormone levels and complications.  Results   Postoperative follow-up ultrasound result showed that the volume of nodules was reduced in different degrees compared with that before treatment (P<0.05).    Conclusions    Strengthening the isolation band technique can effectively protect the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands and reduce the risk of injury.