Morphological observation and clinical application research of Hasner's valve variation

doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2026.3.02

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Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3) : 250-255. DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2026.3.02

Morphological observation and clinical application research of Hasner's valve variation

Zhao Boyun, Yang Zhixin, He Yongqian, Chen Haoyin, Liang Jingjing, Liu Minjie, Xu Dazheng*, Jiang Mei Hua*

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Abstract

Objective To observe the morphological parameters of the Hasner valve and to propose a morphological classification system that will serve as a reference for clinical surgical decision-making. Methods The presence rate, shape, inclination angle, coverage angle, thickness, opening area, and distance of the Hasner valve in 45 adult specimens were anatomically measured, followed by K-means cluster analysis. Results Among the 45 adult specimens, the Hasner valve was present in 88%. Clustering was identified three types: Type A: Largest valve area (mean pre-/post-resection opening area ratio [S1]/[S2] was 0.533) and widest coverage of the nasolacrimal duct orifice (mean membrane-directed coverage angle was 166°). Type B: Most horizontally oriented valve opening (mean nasolacrimal duct orifice inclination angle θ was 47.6°) and greatest valve thickness (mean plica thickness T was 0.745 mm). Type C: Smallest valve area (mean [S1]/[S2] was 0.66), narrowest coverage (mean membrane-directed coverage angle was 149°), and thinnest valve (mean plica thickness T was 0.298 mm). Conclusions The Hasner valve can be classified into Types A, B, and C. This new classification provides anatomical basis for selecting surgical approaches: Type A is suitable for laser lacrimal canaliculoplasty and endoscopic intranasal Hasner valve resection, type B is appropriate for bypass procedures such as dacryocystorhinostomy and canaliculotomy, type C is optimal for lacrimal balloon dacryoplasty.

Key words

Lacrimal apparatus / / / Anatomy / / / Classification / / / Surgical procedures

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Zhao Boyun, Yang Zhixin, He Yongqian, Chen Haoyin, Liang Jingjing, Liu Minjie, Xu Dazheng, Jiang Mei Hua. Morphological observation and clinical application research of Hasner's valve variation[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2026, 44(3): 250-255 https://doi.org/10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2026.3.02

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