Objective To investigate the self-assembly capacity of lipoaspirates as an engineering module in constructing large-volume engineered adipose tissue and to evaluate its maximum survival depth for maintaining cell viability. Methods The engineered tissue volume was scaled up from less than 1 mL to 27 mL with structural optimization, and the self-assembly capability and structural stability post-expansion were assessed. Additionally, the presence of hypoxia- or nutrient deficiency-induced necrosis in the tissue core under static culture conditions was analyzed. Results Lipoaspirates as an engineering module successfully self-assembled into a morphologically stable adipose flap in a 27 mL large-volume construct. However, limited by substance diffusion in static culture, nutrient penetration depth remained below 10 mm within 72 hours, with cell viability and metabolic activity decreasing with depth. Beyond 6 mm, both parameters dropped significantly, indicating near-complete necrosis. Conclusions Lipoaspirates enable rapid construction of 27 mL engineered adipose tissue, but its cell survival depth is limited to less than 10 mm due to diffusion constraints, highlighting the need for optimized culture strategies to enhance deep-layer cell viability.
Key words
Lipoaspirates; /
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Large-volume tissue engineering; /
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Self-assembly; /
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Survival depth /
Nutrient diffusion
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