Anatomical study of laparoscopic sacral nerve stimulator implantation and its clinical significance&nbsp;&nbsp;

doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2020.04.001

Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4) : 369-372. DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2020.04.001

Anatomical study of laparoscopic sacral nerve stimulator implantation and its clinical significance

WU Jie-shi, XU Rui-sheng

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Abstract

Objective　To discuss the surgical approach of anterior sacral nerve electrical stimulation electrode under laparoscope and its feasibility.　Methods　Mock laparoscopic operations on 2~4 sacral anterior nerves were conducted on twenty adult cadavers. The morphology of 2~4 sacral nerve anterior branch in front of the sacrum and the area around the sacral foramina where the important blood vessels may be damaged were observed and measured.　Results　The lengths of 2~4 sacral nerve anterior branch from the anterior sacral foramina to the sacral plexus were measured as followings respectively: left side of the S2 (32.62 ± 3.15) mm, right side of the S2 (31.46 ± 3.28) mm; S3 left (21.96 ± 2.59) mm, right (20.61 ± 3.14) mm; S4 left (15.04 ± 1.64) mm, right (16.09 ± 1.38) mm. The location of vertebral artery of lateral sacral artery on the 2~4 anterior sacral foramina was in the upper inner quadrant. The inferior gluteal artery passed through the nerves and laterally near the junction of the nerves. Sacral paravertebral veins were accompanied by the lateral sacral artery at the 2~4 anterior sacral foramina. The position of the spine vein out of the sacral foramina was consistent with the artery.　Conclusions　The length of the dissociative presacral S2~4 anterior branches could meet the requirements of the installation of epidural sacral nerve electronic stimulator. The medial side of the anterior sacral foramina was the dangerous area of vascular injury during surgery.

Key words

/ Spinal cord injury / 　Sacral nerve root / 　Laparoscope / 　Electrical stimulation

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WU Jie-shi, XU Rui-sheng. Anatomical study of laparoscopic sacral nerve stimulator implantation and its clinical significance [J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2020, 38(4): 369-372 https://doi.org/10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2020.04.001

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