目的　为腰骶椎轴向融合术入路提供解剖学基础。  方法    利用Mimics10.01对选取的CT数据进行三维重建，以STL格式导入Geomagic studio 12对三维模型进行简单优化，测量相关数据。  结果    以尾骨尖为切口，将轴向融合螺钉固定于腰骶椎体中轴的AxiaLIF手术方式，导针从尾骨尖到钉道入口的距离，男、女性分别为（101.7±9.5）mm，（100.2±9.0）mm（P＞0.05）；以尾骨切迹为切口，将轴向融合螺钉固定在腰骶椎中柱的AxiaLIF手术方式，导针从尾骨切迹到钉道入口的距离，男、女性分别为（82.4±9.5）mm，（83.1±10.6）mm（P＞0.05）；两种不同通路的AxiaLIF手术，导针到S3/4横线的垂直距离EF和EG，男性分别为（24.4±5.3）mm和（14.5±2.8）mm（P<0.05），女性分别为（27.0±5.6）mm和（17.0±3.8）mm（P<0.05），有显著的统计学差异。  结论    经尾骨尖为手术切口的AxiaLIF的危险度较高，以尾骨切迹为切口置钉于腰骶椎中柱的手术通路符合骶前间隙安全范围，有待进一步由生物力学研究验证。

Objective  To provide the anatomical basis for the surgery approach of the axial lumbosacral interbody fusion.　Methods　The data of spiral CT scan images were imported into the Mimics 10.01 software in Dicom format, and the sacral vertebrae 3D geometric mesh model was obtained after 3D treatment. Finally, the Geomagic studio 12 was used to simply optimize the 3D model after importing in the STL format, and measure the relevant data.　Results　In the  AxiaLIF surgery which use the coccygeal tip as the entrance point and place the axial screw on the axle of lumbosacral vertebral bodies, the distance between the coccygeal tip and the entrance of the nail was (101.7±9.5)mm and (100.2±9.0)mm in Chinese males and females, respectively(P＞0.05). In the AxiaLIF surgery which use the coccygeal incisures as the entrance point and place the axial screw on the middle column of the lumbosacral vertebrae, the distance between the coccygeal incisures and the entrance of the nail was  (82.4±9.5)mm and (83.1±10.6)mm in Chinese males and females, respectively(P＞0.05). In  thetwo different surgical approaches of the AxiaLIF, the vertical distance between needle and S3/4, are (24.4±5.3)mm and (14.5±2.8)mm respectively in men (P<0.05), and are (27.0±5.6)mm and (17.0±3.8)mm respectively in women (P<0.05). There are significant statistical difference between the data of male and female groups.　Conclusions　There is high risk on the AxiaLIF which use the coccygeal tip as the entrance point. The new AxiaLIF surgery, which use the coccygeal incisures as entrance point  and place the axial screw on the middle column of lumbosacral vertebra, is in the safety range of the presacral space, and needs further verified by biomechanical study.