目的    为临床诊治背阔肌腱下滑囊炎提供应用解剖学基础。  方法　20侧成人肩关节标本（右11侧、左9侧），对背阔肌腱下滑囊及与其邻近易误诊的解剖结构进行观测。  结果　背阔肌腱下滑囊位于肱骨结节嵴间沟底、肱骨小结节嵴、大圆肌附着部与背阔肌腱止点之间。肱骨结节间沟可分为肱骨大、小结节间沟和大、小结节嵴间沟，确定该滑囊的上下位置，即从肱骨小结节最高点至背阔肌腱下滑囊上端距离为（27.43±4.71）mm，可以确定该滑囊的上下位置，背阔肌腱下滑囊的内外位置关系，从肱二头肌长头腱内侧缘距背阔肌腱下滑囊中点为（8.12±1.23）mm，可以确定该滑囊的内外位置关系。背阔肌腱下滑囊的相关数据，在肱骨结节嵴间沟上、下高度为（36.5±4.79）mm，中点宽度为（8.62±1.83）mm。背阔肌腱下滑囊周围易发生炎症的有肱二头肌长头腱滑液鞘、大圆肌腱下滑囊、喙突下滑囊、胸大肌骨管等。  结论　本研究为背阔肌腱下滑囊的诊疗提供了形态学依据。

Objective　To provide anatomical basis for diagnosis and treatment of subtendinous bursitis of latissimus dorsi.　Methods　20 adult cadaveric shoulder specimens (11 right shoulders and 9 left shoulders)  were dissected and observed for the latissimus dorsi tendon bursa and the neighboring anatomical structures that can be mistaken with latissimus dorsi tendon bursa.　Results　The latissimus dorsi tendon bursa was located among the lower end of the intertubercular sulcus, the lesser humeral tubercle and insertions ofteres major and latissimus dorsi tendon to the humerus. The humeral intertubecular sulcus can be divided into the sulcus between the crests of the lesser and greater tubercles and the sulcus between the lesser and greater tubercles. The latissimus dorsi tendon bursa can be located (27.43±4.71)mm inferior to the peak of the lesser tubercle and (8.12±1.23)mm lateral to the medial margin of the long head of the biceps brachii. The length of Latissimus dorsi tendon bursa was (36.5±4.79) mm in the sulcus between crests of the lesser and greater humeral tubercle; the width (8.62±1.83) mm at its midpoint. The structures around latissimus dorsi tendon bursa prone to inflammation included synovial sheath of the long head of biceps tendon, synovial bursae underneath the long head of the biceps brachii, the teres major, the coracoid process, bony channel of the pectoralis major, respectively.　Conclusion　This study provides a morphological basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the subtendinous bursitis of latissimus dorsi.