目的 观察胫腓骨下前韧带(Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament，AITFL)下束的解剖学特征，对其划分解剖学类型，为胫腓关节精确解剖、踝关节韧带的外科修复提供参考依据。 方法 结构完整的人体下肢标本100例，解剖AITFL并观察其形态特征、变异，依据其下束的解剖特点划分类型；测量下束的长度、近端宽度、远端宽度及其与水平面的夹角(α)等。 结果 (1)根据AITFL下束的特征分为：Ⅰ型：下束与AITFL上面纤维无联系，呈独立型条带11例；Ⅱ型：下束的近端或远端与上部纤维融合，其余部分与上方分离32例；Ⅲ型：下束的近端和远端均与上部纤维融合，中间部分与上方分离19例；Ⅳ型：下束与上部纤维完全融合，AITFL无间隙38例。(2)男、女性下束在类型构成方面无统计学差异（c2=7.052，P=0.070）。下束的长度、近端宽度、远端宽度以及α角分别是（23.39±5.93) mm、（8.38±4.23） mm、（6.95±4.13） mm、（29.02±10.90）°。 结论 本实验对AITFL的分型，是对既往研究的补充；AITFL下束是引起踝关节损伤的潜在性因素；采用关节镜治疗踝外侧损伤，应重视下束的变异特征，从而减少并发症，提升手术效果。
关键词：
胫腓骨下前韧带; ; ; 下束; ; ; 变异; ; ; 应用解剖
Objective To investigate the morphological features of the inferior fascicle of the anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) and classify the anatomical features, so as to provide reference for the precise anatomy of the tibiofibular joint and the surgical repair of the ankle ligament. Methods 100 adult lower limbs were dissected and the characteristics of the AITFL were noted. The length, origin and insertion widths of the inferior fascicle were measured with a digital vernier caliber, while angles (α) between the inferior fascicle and the horizontal plane were examined with a protractor. Results (1)The AITFL was divided into four types according to the relation between the AITFL and the inferior fascicle: typeⅠ, the inferior fascicle was separated from the rest of the ligament by a gap in 11cases; typeⅡ, the inferior fascicle was not completely separated from the rest of the ligament by a gap, with its origin or insertion attachment continuing with AITFL in 32 cases; type Ⅲ, the inferior fascicle was separated from the rest of the ligament by a gap and possessed its own origin and insertion attachments in 19 cases; type Ⅳ, the inferior fascicle could not be separated from the AITFL in 38 cases. (2) There was no statistical significance in the types between male and female (c2=7.052, P=0.070). The lengths, origin and insertion widths of the inferior fascicle and α were (23.39±5.93) mm, (8.38±4.23) mm, (6.95±4.13) mm and (29.02±10.90), respectively. Conclusions The classification of AITFL in this experiment is a supplement to previous studies. The AITFL is a potential factor causing ankle joint injury. We should pay attention to the variation characteristics of the AITFL when treating the ankle injury by arthroscopy, so as to reduce complications and improve the surgical effect.
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