目的    探讨超声引导下微波消融术治疗甲状腺良性结节过程中对喉返神经及甲状旁腺的损伤保护措施及其解剖基础。  方法    选取2017年1月到2019年6月行1射频消融治疗的甲状腺疾病患者52例，观察术后结节大小、血流信号变化、甲状腺激素水平、并发症发生情况等。  结果   术后超声随访结节的体积较治疗前不同程度缩小（P<0.05）。  结论   加强隔离带技术可以有效保护喉返神经及甲状旁腺，降低损伤风险。

Objective   To investigate the damage and protective measures of recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands during ultrasound-guided microwave ablation of benign thyroid nodules.   Methods   A total of 52 patients with thyroid diseases who underwent radiofrequency ablation from January 2017 to June 2019 were selected. Postoperative follow-up was performed to observe the nodule size, blood flow signal changes, thyroid hormone levels and complications.  Results   Postoperative follow-up ultrasound result showed that the volume of nodules was reduced in different degrees compared with that before treatment (P<0.05).    Conclusions    Strengthening the isolation band technique can effectively protect the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands and reduce the risk of injury.