目的 探讨半膜肌腘窝穿支的解剖学特征，为临床膝周软组织缺损的修复提供形态学依据。 方法 在30侧动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢标本上，通过显微解剖、摹拟手术等方法，重点观测： ①半膜肌营养血管的起源、走行、分支与分布； ②半膜肌腘窝穿支与邻近穿支的吻合特点。 结果 半膜肌腘窝穿支于胫骨髁上13.5 cm由半膜肌肌支发出，穿过深筋膜至皮下，并分出众多的细小血管与腘动脉直接皮支、腘窝内侧皮动脉吻合。外径和长度分别为（0.7±0.3） mm、（1.1±0.4） cm。 结论 以半膜肌腘窝穿支为蒂设计皮瓣，可转位或V-Y推进修复膝周软组织缺损。
Objective To explore the anatomical characteristics of the semimembranosus popliteal perforators, providing morphological basis for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects around the knee joint. Methods After 30 sides of adult lower extremity specimens were perfused with red latex, the following contents were observed emphatically under a surgical magnifier：①The origin, courses, branches, and distribution of the nutrient vessels of the semimembranosus muscle. ②The anastomosis characteristics of semimembranosus popliteal perforators and adjacent perforators. Results The semimembranosus popliteal perforators, with an outer diameter of (0.7±0.3)mm and a length of (1.1±0.4)cm on average, commonly originated from the semimembranosus muscular branch at 13.5cm proximal to the tibial condyle, and then punctured out of the deep fascia towards the subcutaneous plane, and finally sent out numerous tiny vessels to form anastomosis with the direct cutaneous perforators of the popliteal artery as well as the medial popliteal cutaneous arteries. Conclusions The flap pedicled with the semimembranosus popliteal perforators could become a supplement for repairing the soft tissue defects around the knee joint in the form of transposition or V-Y advancement.
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