目的　研究翼腭神经节及毗邻结构的显微外科解剖关系，为临床手术治疗相关疾病提供解剖学依据。  方法　成人尸头标本15例（30侧），采用手术显微镜及鼻内镜观察翼腭神经节及毗邻结构。  结果　翼腭神经节为翼腭窝内副交感神经节，为翼管神经、上颌神经、腭神经三者交汇处，位于内上方为翼管神经，位于外下方为上颌神经，位于下方为腭神经，腭神经起始于腭骨垂直板与上颌骨后壁的夹角处，腭神经起始处外径为（1.23±0.32）mm，向前内走行，并于腭降动脉的后内侧逐渐紧贴腭骨垂直板下降进入翼腭管。  结论　翼腭神经节与腭神经及翼管神经相邻，先通过腭神经寻找到翼腭神经节，再通过翼腭神经节可定位翼管神经，因此可作为翼管神经切除术中的重要解剖标志。

Objective　To study the anatomical characteristics of human pterygopalatine ganglion and its adjacent structures in order to offer anatomical evidence for surgical application.　Methods　Thirty sides of 15 adult cadaveric heads were used. The relationship of the pterygopalatine ganglion and its adjacent structures was observed using the microscope and endoscope.　Results　Pterygopalatine ganglion was a parasympathetic ganglion that was deeply located in the pterygopalatine fossa to which the vidian nerve, the maxillary nerve and the palatine nerve were connected. The vidian nerve was attached to the ganglion in its medial upper part, the maxillary nerve in its lateral lower part and the palatine nerve in its bottom part. The palatine nerve was given from the angle formed by the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone and the posterior wall of the maxilla. The average external diameter of the beginning of the palatine nerve was （1.23±0.32）mm. The palatine nerve then passed forward and medially and descended through pterypalatine canal, travelling medially to the descending palatine artery. 　Conclusion　The pterypalatine ganglion is in the immediate vicinity with l the palatine nerve and the vidian nerve, rendering it as an important anatomical landmark in vidian neurectomy.