目的    探讨Ⅰ期后路经肋横突切除入路摘除胸椎哑铃型肿瘤的解剖学可行性和安全性。  方法    回顾2006.8-2011.10间收治的20例胸椎哑铃状肿瘤的临床资料，均采用单一后路Ⅰ期手术切除肿瘤。JOA评价神经功能，X线评估内固定和融合结果，MRI检查肿瘤切除彻底性和是否复发。  结果    肿瘤均完全切除，平均手术时间263min(152~420 min), 出血量480 ml (125~1770 ml )。Schwann细胞瘤9例，神经纤维瘤6例，脊膜瘤3例，神经节细胞瘤2；其中硬膜外12例、髓外硬膜下8例。随访末期神经功能显著改善，JOA恢复率72.9％；VAS评分由术前8.3±0.67改善为随访末期2.3±0.19；并发症包括胸膜破裂2例，肺不张和胸腔内脑脊液漏各1例。  结论    单一后方肋横突、椎板切除入路可以完整切除胸椎哑铃型肿瘤，适用于肿瘤与大血管、胸腔脏器粘连较轻者。

Objective　To evaluate the anatomic feasibility and security of a single-stage posterior approach with costotransversectomy only for the management of thoracic dumbbell tumors.　Methods　The clinical and radiologic data of 20 cases of thoracic dumbbell tumor between 2006 to 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent single-stage removal of dumbbell tumors by a posterior approach followed by laminectomy and costotransversection combined with instrumentation. Clinical and radiologic outcomes were evaluated. Neurological function was evaluated by the JOA score before surgery and at the final follow-up, the effect of internal fixation and fusion was evaluated by X-ray, and observance of whether the tumor was resected completely or tumor recurred  at the final follow-up were made by MRI.  Results　Operative time ranged from 152 to 420 minutes (mean, 263 minutes), with estimated blood loss ranging from 125 to 1770 mL (mean, 480 mL). All cases (including 12 cases in the epidural space and 8 cases in subdural space) had tumors removed completely. Pathologic findings included schwannoma in 9, neurofibroma in 6 , spinal meningioma in 3 and ganglioneuroma in 1 case. Postoperative complications included atelectasis in 1 case. The neurological function was significantly improved at the end of the follow-up, the recovery rate of JOA score was 72.9%; the VAS score was reduced from 8.3±0.67 before surgery to 2.3±0.19 at the end of follow-up. Spinal deformities, and tumor recurrence were not observed in any patients at the final follow-up; postoperative complications include pleural injury in 2 cases, pulmonary atelectasis in 1 case and cerebrospinal leak within the chest in 1 case.　Conclusion　Single-stage posterior approach with costotransversectomy may be a good choice for neurogenic thoracic dumbbell that has slight adhesion to great vessel and lung.