目的　探讨腘肌肌构筑学特征和肌内神经分支分布特点。  方法    大体解剖法、肌构筑法、改良Sihler’s 染色法。  结果　腘肌为三角形扁肌，肌中间有两块并排的冠状位腱板。肌重(15.13±0.41) g，肌长(9.09±0.31) cm，肌纤维长(1.93±0.09) cm，羽状角（11.5±0.82）°，肌生理横切面积(7.17±0.13) cm2。支配腘肌的神经于该肌外侧缘入肌，入肌后分成上、下支2支，上支较细，支配该肌前上部，下支较粗，支配该肌前下部和后部。  结论　 腘肌是羽肌，倾向力量型设计，肌内神经主要分布于肌的中下部。

Objective　To investigate the relationship between muscular architecture and distribution of intramuscular nerves of popliteus in human.　Methods　Gross anatomy method, muscle architecture method, modified Sihler's staining were used.　Results　Popliteus of human is a triangular flat muscle With two instramuscular tendons in muscle. it has a weigh of (15.13±0.41)g, a length of (1.93±0.09)cm, and a physiologic cross sectional area of (7.17±0.13)cm2. The nerve innervating the popliteus enters the muscle through its lateral margin and bifurcates in its substance into an upper branch and a lower branch. The upper branch, which is comparatively smaller, innervates the anterosuperior portion of the muscle, and the lower branch, which is comparatively larger, innervates the anteroinferior and posterior portions of the muscle.　Conclusion　Popliteus is pinnate in shape in human, indicating its function of mainly about power generation. The nerve innervating is mainly located in the middle and inferior portions of it.