枕骨髁的分型及其意义

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的　研究干燥枕骨髁的解剖形态学特征。方法　对165例枕骨髁的形状进行分类，并测量其长（前后径）、宽（左右径），厚度及前后径与枕骨大孔正中矢状线的连线的夹角。结果　枕骨髁的形状可分为6型，两侧椭圆占66.1%（109例）、两侧哑铃占7.9%（13例）、左椭圆右哑铃占6.7%（11例）、左哑铃右椭圆占8.5%（14例）、左椭圆右三角占3.6%（6例）、左三角右椭圆占7.3%（12例）。结论　枕骨髁存在较多的解剖学形态，以两侧椭圆为主，传统对其认识并不全面。

关键词: 枕骨, 枕骨髁, 分型

Abstract:

Objective　To study the morphology of the occipital condyles.　Methods　The occipital condyles were measured and classified in 165 occipital bones. The anteroposterior dimension, mediolateral dimension, the thickness and the angle between the anteroposterior axis and the medial sagittal line of the foramen magnum were measured.　Results　The mophology of the occipital condyles can be divided into 6 types, namely, elliptical shape in two sides, accounting for 66.1%(109 cases), dumbbell-like shape in two sides, accounting for 7.9%(13 cases), elliptical shape at the left and dumbbell-like in the right, accounting for 6.7%(11 cases), dumbbell-like at the left and elliptical at the right, accounting for 8.5%(14 cases), elliptical shape at the left and triangular shape at the right, accounting for 3.6% (6 cases) triangular shape at the left and elliptical shape at the right, accounting for 7.3% (12 cases).　Conclusions　The occipital condyles have more anatomical shapes than traditional description With the elliptical shape occupying the majority.

Key words: Occipital bone, Occipital condyle, Morphology

中图分类号:

R322.71

李仕, 柴瑜, 曾广南, 梁善皓, 李义凯. 枕骨髁的分型及其意义[J]. 中国临床解剖学杂志, 2013, 31(1): 28-31.

LI Shi, CHAI Yu, CENG An-Na, LIANG Shan-Hao, LI Xi-Kai. Classification of occipital condyles and its implication[J]. Chinese Journal Of Clinical Anatomy, 2013, 31(1): 28-31.

参考文献

[1] 徐达传. 系统解剖学
[M]. 第3版. 北京：高等教育出版社, 2012:18-19.

[2] 潘之清. 实用脊柱外科学
[M]. 山东科学技术出版社, 1995:410.

[3] 裴爱珍，倪家骧，段红光. 颈源性疼痛诊疗学
[M]. 人民军医出版社, 2005:93.

[4] 舒永康，张继忠. 人体骨骼测量方法
[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2007:87-88.

[5] 方健，包聚良，贾连顺. 枕颈部运动的生物力学特点
[J]. 颈腰痛杂志,1998, (3):71-72.

[6] 张士刚，王继跃，张利勇，等. 枕骨髁的磨除与颅颈部稳定性关系的临床研究
[J]. 中国临床神经外科杂志, 2009, 14(11):645-648.

[7] 王义生，赵定麟. 疑难骨科学
[M]. 科学技术文献出版社, 2008:83-84.

[8] Harmanli O, Koyfman Y. Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation with survival: a case report and review of the literature
[J]. Surg Neurol, 1993, 39(4):324-330.

[9] 姜晓幸. 创伤性寰枕关节脱位
[J]. 国外医学(创伤与外科基本问题分册),1995, 16(2):91-93.　

[10] 许亮，刘筠，佟帆，等. 非创伤性寰枕关节失稳的CT表现及相关因素分析
[J]. 临床放射学杂志,2008, 27(11):1531-1534.

[11] As G. Preliminary evaluat ion of 50 saggital cervicalmot ion radiographic exminations
[J]. J Can Clin Assoc,1977, 21(1):33-34.

[12] Wholey Mh,Bruwer AJ, Baker HL Jr. The lateral roentgenogram of the neck; with comments on the atlanto-odontoid-basion relationship
[J]. Radiology,1958, 71(3):350-356.

[13] Werne S. Studies in spontaneous atlas dislocation
[J]. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl,1957,(23):1-150.

[14] 侯树勋. 脊柱外科学
[M]. 北京：人民军医出版社,2005:380-382.

[15] Anderson PA, Montesano PX. Morphology and treatment of occipital condyle fractures
[J]. Spine,1988,13(7):731-736.

[16] Levine AM, Edwards CC. Traumatic lesions of the occipitoatlantoaxial complex
[J]. Clin Orthop Relat Res,1989,(239):53-68.

[17] 金大地. 现代脊柱外科手术学
[M]. 北京：人民军医出版社, 2001:223-224.

[18] Bucholz RW, Burkhead WZ. The pathological anatomy of fatal atlanto-occipital dislocations
[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am,1979, 61(2):248-250.

[19] Evarts CM. Traumatic occipito-atlantal dislocation
[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am,1970,52(8):1653-1660.

[20]Arnautovic KI, Al-Mefty O, Husain M. Ventral foramen magnum meninigiomas
[J]. J Neurosurg,2000,92(1 Suppl):71-80.

[21] Sen CN, Sekhar LN. Surgical management of anteriorly placed lesions at the craniocervical junction: an alternative approach
[J]. Acta Neurochir,1991,108(1-2):70-77.

[22] Blackwood NJ. III. Atlo-occipital dislocation: a case of fracture of the atlas and axis, and forward dislocation of the occiput on the spinal column, life being maintained for thirty-four hours and forty minutes by artificial respiration, during which a laminectomy was performed upon the third cervical vertebra
[J]. Ann Surg, 1908, 47(5):654-658.

[23]Englander O. Nontraumatic occipitoatlantoaxial dislocation. A contribution to the radiology of the atlas
[J]. Br J Radiol, 1942(15):341-345.

[24]Fruin AH, Pirotte TP. Traumatic atlantooccipital dislocation. Case report
[J]. J Neurosurg, 1977, 46(5):663-666.