目的　比较自制单孔多通道后腹腔镜与开放性去顶减压术治疗单纯性肾囊肿的临床疗效，探讨其可行性和优越性。  方法    回顾性分析212例自制单孔多通道后腹腔镜去顶减压术(后腹腔镜组)与186例采用开放性去顶减压术(开放手术组)的临床资料，观察两种术式的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后止痛用药量、术后下床活动时间、住院时间等指标。  结果　后腹腔镜组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后止痛用药量、术后下床活动时间、住院时间等方面均优于开放手术组(P＜0.05)。  结论　自制单孔多通道后腹腔镜去顶减压术治疗肾囊肿具有安全有效、创伤小、康复快、实用性高、美容效果好等优点，是治疗肾囊肿的理想术式。

Objective　To compare the therapeutic effects and evaluate the feasibility and advantages of the homemade single multichannel port retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cyst unroofing and open renal cyst unroofing.　Methods　The clinical data of 212 cases receiving homemade single multichannel port retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cyst unroofing (retroperitoneal laparoscopic group) and 186 cases receiving open renal cyst unroofing (open surgery group) were retrospectively analyzed. The indications of operating time, amount of bleeding during operation, drainage quantity, acesodyne dosage, ambulation after operation and hospitalization were compared between the two groups.　Results　The operating time, amount of bleeding during operation, drainage quantity, acesodyne dosage, ambulation after operation and hospitalization of retroperitoneal laparoscopic group were significantly lower than those of open surgery group (P＜0.05).　Conclusions　Single-port laparoscopic surgery is safe and feasible in the treatment of renal cyst. It has the advantages of less trauma, effectiveness, and more cosmetic benefit than traditional laparoscopic surgery.