目的　探讨苯丙胺对小鼠行为学的变化和纹状体纤维的损伤。  方法　雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常对照组、生理盐水组和苯丙胺组。苯丙胺组又分为1、7、14和28 d 四个组，腹腔注射苯丙胺2 mg·kg-1·d-1。建模期间对小鼠进行自主行为活动测试。用Nauta法观察纹状体纤维的变化。  结果　自主行为学检测发现：用药后，苯丙胺7、14、28 d组的运动总路程、平均速度、最大运动速度、快速运动时间/总时间比正常对照组和生理盐水组增加(P<0.05)，而慢速运动时间/总时间在各组间没有显著差异　(P>0.05)。Nauta法染色显示苯丙胺14 d和28 d组纹状体内可见变性神经纤维呈黑色，正常组和生理盐水组均未发现变性的神经纤维。  结论　苯丙胺可引起小鼠多项活动性指标的增高，及纹状体神经纤维的变性。

Objective　To explore amphetamine-induced behavioral alteration, and fiber injury in the mouse striatum.　Methods　Mice were randomly divided into the normal, saline and amphetamine groups. The amphetamine group was subdivided into 1d，7d，14 d and 28 d groups. Mice were treated with amphetamine 2 mg·kg-1·d-1  via intraperitoneal injection in the amphetamine group. Autonomous behavior activities were tested during establishing amphetamine model. Nauta method was used to study the injury of fibers in the mouse striatum induced by amphetamine.　Results　Behaviour test showed that total moving distance, average speed, maximum speed, moving fast time/total time in the amphetamine groups at 7, 14 and 28 days were increased as compared with the normal group and saline group (P<0.05). There was no difference in moving slow time/total time between the amphetamine group and others groups (P>0.05). Nauta staining demonstrated black degenerated nerve fibers in mouse striatum of amphetamine groups at 14 and 28 days.　Conclusions　Amphetamine may increase many autonomous behavior activities and cause the degeneration of nerve fibers in the mouse striatum.