目的　探讨心肌桥（MB）存在及与冠状动脉粥样硬化（AS）的关系。  方法　回顾性分析在法医尸解中发现的87例心肌桥的形态特点与AS的关系。  结果　MB检出率34.7％，并随年龄呈阶梯样增加，心肌桥主要出现在左冠状动脉前降支及右主干, 单个MB最多，占90.8％（79例）。MB桥前段发生AS有43.7％（38例），管腔狭窄程度大多在Ⅲ级以上占86.8％（33例）；桥后段有8％（7例）发生AS，管腔狭窄程度均在Ⅱ级以下，二者有统计学意义（P<0.05），桥下段无AS；存在AS的MB长度大多2.0cm以上。  结论　大多数MB是解剖变异，随着年龄增加可导致桥前段和桥后段AS，桥前段更易发生AS。

Objective　To investigate the relationship of coronary myocardial bridge (MB) and the coronary atherosclerosis.　Methods　Pathological changes of coronary artery and morphologic features of MB from autopsy specimens were retrospectively analyzed.　Results　MB was detected in 87 speciemns from all 251 autopsy cases, especially in aged cases, with the detection rate of 34.7％. MBs were mainly found on the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery and right coronary artery. One bridge was found in 79 (90.8％) of these hearts. 38 MB cases（43.7%）appeared coronary atherosclerosis of the proximal segment of myocardial bridge，33 cases of them (86.8%) exceeded Ⅲ degree of stenosis. The atherosclerosis of the distal segment of myocardial bridge appeared in 7 cases (8%), with the stenosis degree of Ⅱ. No atherosclerosis appeared in the inferior segment of myocardial bridges. Usually the length of MB occurred atherosclerosis exceeded 20mm.　Conclusions　Myocardial bridges can be recognized as an anatomical variation of the human coronary circulation, in which an epicardial artery lies in the myocardium for part of its course. For aged people, it is easy to appear proximal and distal myocardial bridges, which are predilection site of atherosclerosis, especially the proximal segment.