目的　为经鼻内镜视神经减压术临床应用提供影像解剖学依据。  方法　对20侧尸头视神经管及其毗邻结构进行解剖和测量，并用多层螺旋CT扫描和影像工作站测量，将两者结果进行对比分析。  结果　视神经管的类型：管型5％（1侧），半管型10％（2侧），压迹型55％（11侧），无压迹型30％（6侧）。视神经管的毗邻关系：筛窦型15％（3侧），蝶窦型35％（7侧），蝶筛窦型45％（9侧），蝶鞍型5％（1侧），60％（12侧）与后筛窦相关。眼动脉在颅口80％（16侧）走行于视神经内下方，在眶口85％（17侧）走行于外下方。70％（14侧）颈内动脉管在蝶窦外壁隆起，而95％（19侧）与视神经管存在隐窝。视神经管内壁长度（10.23±1.31）mm。解剖测量视神经管眶口、颅口、视神经与颈内动脉隐窝到鼻小柱-鼻翼交界点的距离及夹角的结果与影像测量结果的差异没有显著性（P>0.05）。  结论　本研究结果为经鼻内镜神经管减压术提供了解剖学参数。采用CT影像工作站能对视神经管重要解剖标志进行准确的测量。

Objective　To provide anatomic and radiologic basis for performing the transnasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression.    Methods    20 sides of cadaveric skulls were studied in this study. The optic canal and its related structures were dissected and measured, as well analyzed by three-dimensional images of workstations. The results of workstations were compared with that of gross anatomy.　Results　The optic canal could be classified as: the canal (1 side, 5%), the semicanal（2 sides, 10%）, the impression (11 sides, 55％), and the non-impression (6 sides, 30％). According to its relationships with the sinuses, the optic canal could be further typed as: ethmoid sinus (3 sides, 15%), sphenoid sinus (7 sides, 35%), ethmoid and sphenoid sinus (9 sides, 45%), sella turcica (1 sides, 5%). For 60% (12 sides) specimens, the posterior ethmoid sinus closed to optic canals. For 80% (16 sides) specimens, ophthalmic arteries located in the interior inferior of the optic nerve at the intracranial opening, however, for 85%(17 sides) of ophthalmic arteries located in the lateral inferior of the optic nerve at the intraobtial opening. Obvious apophysis of the internal carotid artery could be found in 70% (14 sides) specimens on the lateral wall of sphenoid sinus. A recess between optic canal and internal carotid artery was found in 95% (19 sides) specimens. The mean length of the interior wall of optic canal was about (10.23±1.31) mm.  Anatomic survey concerning with the median distance between the joint of columella nasi and alae nasi, and landmark points, were similar to that of radiologic survey（P>0.05）. Conclusions　The findings provide detail data of optic canal, which is valuable reference for performing the transnasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression. By CT and images workstations technology, we can precisely observe and measure optic canal.