目的　研究自聚肽纳米纤维支架对骨髓源性心肌干细胞（MCSCs）生长和存活的作用。  方法　设计和固相合成自聚肽，扫描电镜和原子力显微镜下观察其自组装后的形态结构和与MCSCs的相互关系；通过CCK-8法和免疫荧光染色检测纳米纤维支架对MCSCs增殖和分化情况。  结果　1%多肽溶液自组装成直径约10 nm，长度为100 ~ 300 nm纳米纤维，并相互交织成孔径为50 ~ 200 nm的网状结构；MCSCs在纤维支架中培养1 d后，可见细胞呈长梭形，位于三维纳米纤维支架的网孔中，生长状态良好；生长曲线显示细胞在纤维支架中的增殖能力明显高于对照组；MCSCs在纤维支架中诱导培养4 周时，形态和排列方式均发生明显改变。  结论　纤维支架与MCSCs有良好生物相容性，纤维支架有利于MCSCs的生长和定向分化。

Objective　 To explore the effect of the self-assemble peptide nanofiber scaffold (NFS) on the proliferation and differentiation of marrow-derived cardiac stem cells (MCSCs).　Methods　The self-assemble peptides were designed and synthesized. The self-assemble state was viewed by AFM and SEM. The compatibility of MCSCs with self-assembling peptide nanofiber scarffolds was viewed by SEM. The effect of NFS on the growth of MCSCs was detected by CCK-8. Through cardiac-specific troponin cTnT staining, the effect of NFS was evaluated on myocardial cell differentiation of MCSCs.　Results　SEM showed the self-assembly of the peptides into the retiform interwoven nanofiber scaffold structure, with the stent diameter of 50 ~ 200 nm. MCSCs were seeded into the self-assemble peptide nanofibers 1 day later. Cells were detected in the network-like nanofiber, which closely linked with the nano-fibers under SEM. The viability of cells in NFS was significantly higher than that of control group. The cells in NFS contacted closely with each other, and demonstrated the same direction and arrangement. After 4 weeks' induction, all of cells expressed cTnT. Conclusions　NFS and MCSCs have good biocompatibility. The three-dimensional micro-environment of NFS is valuable for the growth and differentiation of MCSCs in vitro.