腓动脉穿支皮瓣的应用解剖
Applied anatomy of peroneal artery perforator flap
目的 为腓动脉穿支皮瓣的临床应用提供解剖学基础。 方法 15例新鲜中国成人小腿标本，红色乳胶灌注，观测腓动脉穿支数目、分布、蒂长与外径、走行与类别。 结果 15例标本共出现68个穿支，每侧4.5个穿支，小腿外侧近端穿支呈多源性；腓动脉在腓骨头下10～15 cm节段穿支数所占比例最大，这一区间穿支蒂最长，为(5.23±0.75)cm；腓骨头下5～20 cm 范围内穿支外径较粗，小腿外侧近段穿支以比目鱼肌肌穿支为主，中远段以 长屈肌肌穿支和肌间隙支为主。 结论 腓骨头下10～15 cm节段腓动脉穿支较为恒定，穿支蒂较长，外径较粗，适合设计切取腓动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植。
Objective To provide anatomic basis for the application of the peroneal artery perforator flap. Methods Fifteen fresh adult leg specimens injected with red latex were dissected. The number, distribution, and the courses of the peroneal artery perforators were explored, as well, the pedicle length and external diameter of the artery used for the flap were measured and analyzed. Results 68 perforators were identified in 15 leg specimens (averagely 4.5 perforators for each leg). The perforators in the proximally lateral leg originated from different arteries. Peroneal artery perforator gathered in the region under the fibular head about 10 to 15 cm, with the longest perforator of (5.23±0.75)cm. Under the fibular head about 5 to 20 cm, the larger perforator could be identified. The perforators in the proximal lateral leg were mainly soleus perforators, and the most septocutaneous perforators and the flexor hallucis longus muscle perforators gathered in the lateral mid-distal region. Conclusions With the stable course, enough size and length, peroneal artery perforators originated from the region under the fibular head about 10 to 15cm are ideal nutrient vessel for supplying free peroneal perforator flap.
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