目的　通过对内镜下腹盆部髂外动脉与卵巢血管、生殖股神经及腰大肌位置关系的解剖学观测，为内镜下经阴道肾切除术的临床应用提供解剖学依据。  方法　选取8例成年女性腹盆部标本，在大体解剖后在内镜下进行观测，确定髂外动脉与卵巢血管的交点为内镜下的标志点，测量其与生殖股神经的距离，确定内镜下经阴道肾切除手术通过盆腔后在腹部到达腹膜后间隙的相对安全区域。  结果　（1）确立了以卵巢血管与髂外动脉的交点为内镜下手术入路观察的标志点；左右侧卵巢血管束与髂外动脉相交处的角度，左侧为(20.68±3.14)°,右侧为(29.48±2.47)°;（2）交点处与生殖股神经的距离左侧为(11.84±0.80) mm，右侧为(12.60±1.32) mm。  结论　在卵巢血管与髂外动脉相交平面，在髂外动脉外侧，沿腰大肌的外侧缘进入腹膜后间隙，此范围是一个相对安全区域。

Objective　To provide anatomy basis for the clinical application of transvaginal endoscopic nephrectomy, by anatomic research on the position relationship between external iliac artery，ovarian vessel of the pelvic part, genitofemoral nerve and psoas major muscle under the endoscope.　Methods　Eight samples of abdomen-pelvis obtained from female adults were gross dissected and observed under the endoscope. Taken the intersecting point of ovarian vessel and external iliac artery as the landmark point under the endoscope, its distance to the genitofemoral nerve was measured. Then the relative safe area of the operative approaching through vagina to pelvic cavity and then to retroperitoneal space under the endoscope was provided.　Results　（1）The intersecting point of ovarian vessel and external iliac artery was taken as the anatomic landmark point. It was found that the angles of the intersecting point between the external iliac artery and the left, respectively the right, ovarian vessel were (20.68±3.14)° and (29.48±2.47)°, respectively.（2）The distances between the intersecting point and the left, respectively the right, genitofemoral nerve were (11.84±0.80) mm and (12.60±1.32) mm, respectively.　Conclusions　On the plane of the intersection of ovarian vessel and external iliac artery, entering the retroperitoneal space from the lateral of the external iliac artery and psoas major muscle is a relative safe area.