CT血管成像乳突导静脉影像解剖学研究
Multi-slice CT angiography of the mastoid emissary vein and imaging anatomy
目的 对乳突孔及乳突导静脉管进行形态观察及定位，为临床手术操作提供解剖依据。 方法 回顾性重建67例采用头部或头颈部CTA检查患者的乳突孔影像，测量乳突孔位置及观察乳突导静脉管走行。 结果 乳突孔数量及位置变异较大，乳突导静脉管走行多样，其外口明显多于内口，乳突导静脉管外口主要位于星点与乳突尖连线的后方1.5 cm范围内，且位于星点侧靠近中点1.5 cm范围内，内口大部分位于星点到乳突尖连线前上方1 cm范围内，并且主要集中在星点与乳突尖中线两侧1 cm范围内，上述区域即为乳突导静脉管走行区域。 结论 乳突孔、乳突导静脉管及走行其中的导静脉正常解剖变异复杂，CT三维成像能够对其很好评价。
Objective To explore and delineate the mastoid foramen and the mastoid emissary vein for clinical operation. Methods A total of 67 images of mastoid emissary vein canaliculus(MEVC) were obtained by three-dimensional reconstruction after CT angiography of head and neck, to determine the position of the mastoid foramen and to observe mastoid emissary vein canaliculus. Results The number and location of the mastoid foramen and the MEVC are variable; the external aperture outnumbers the internal aperture of MEVC in larger amounts. The external aperture of MEVC is mainly located at the range of 1.5 cm backward connecting line between asterion to mastoidale, exactly located at neighboring middle point of right side of asterion around 1.5 cm. The internal aperture of MEVC is mainly located at the range of 1 cm forward connecting line between asterion to mastoidale; Most of them are located at the range around 1 cm of vertical line of crossed midpoint of connecting line between asterion to mastoidale as well . The abovementioned range is the trajectory of the mastoid emissary vein. Conclusions There are complicated anatomical variations in the mastoid foramen and the mastoid emissary vein，which can be finely evaluated by CT angiography．
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