目的　探讨神经支配对侧支血管细胞增殖标记物Ki67和平滑肌细胞肌动蛋白（α-SM-actin）表达的影响。　方法　10只新西兰大白兔，左侧行股动脉结扎，右侧行股动脉结扎伴坐骨神经和股神经切除，7d后处死动物，免疫荧光组织化学技术，观察单纯结扎和结扎伴去神经侧Ki67和α-SM-actin在侧支血管的表达变化，兔前肢大小相似的正常血管用作正常对照。　结果　正常血管没有Ki67的免疫阳性细胞，α-SM-actin在平滑肌细胞中均匀表达；单纯股动脉结扎侧,在血管壁的各层结构均可见Ki67阳性细胞，α-SM-actin在中膜呈强阳性，内膜表达较中膜低；股动脉结扎加去神经侧，仅在管腔内近细胞内皮处可见少量Ki67的免疫阳性细胞，α-SM-actin在内膜和中膜的表达下降，其中Ki67免疫阳性细胞计数和α-SM-actin免疫荧光强度差异有显著性。　结论　在缺血诱导的兔后肢侧支血管生长模型中，去除血管壁的神经导致细胞增殖减少，平滑肌细胞的表达发生变化，表明血管壁的神经对Ki67和α-SM-actin 的表达调节有重要影响。

Objective　To investigate the effects of nerve innervation on the expression of Ki67 and α-SM-actin in new formed collaterl vessel.　Methods　Both left and right femoral arteries of ten rabbits were ligated seperately. For the right side, additional sciatic and femoral nerves incision were followed. All animals survived about 7 days. The expression of Ki67 and α-SM-actin was detected by confocal immunofluorescence with special antibodies against Ki67 and α-SM-actin.　Results　In normal small arteries，the expression of Ki67 was absent，while α-SM-actin evenly expressed in SMC；For the left side specimens，ki67 positive cells significantly increased and distributed in all layers of the vascular wall. α-SM-actin expressed in the neointima, however, the expression was more weak compared to that in the media；For right side(ligation plus dennervation), Ki67 positive staining was rarely found，occasionaly in endothelial cells, as well α-SM-actin expressed weakly. Statistic analysis showed the significant difference of ki67 and α-SM-actin expression in collateral vessels between simply ligated-side and femoral artery ligation plus dennervation side (P＜0.05). Conclusions　 This data suggests that the nerves of the vascular wall involve in mediating expression of Ki67 and α-SM-actin during the growth of the collaterl vessel.