目的　评估可注射性纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖材料(nHA/CS)复合骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)在促进兔股骨骨缺损修复中的作用。　方法　18只成年新西兰大白兔双侧股骨外侧髁均建立骨缺损模型,造模后随机分为3组 (1)实验组：18只兔右侧股骨缺损植入nHA/CS-BMSCs复合材料；(2)对照组：其中16只兔左侧股骨髁缺损植入单纯CS凝胶材料；(3)空白组：2只兔左侧骨缺损旷置，不植入任何材料。于第12周末取材,对缺损修复区组织行大体、影像学、形态计量学观察。实验组和对照组之间进行比较，观察该复合材料对骨缺损的修复效果。　结果　18只兔均进入结果分析，X线侧位片及CT检查示实验组修复疗效优于对照组。对缺损修复区CT值测量分析显示实验组新骨形成多于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。　结论　在促进骨缺损的修复中，nHA/CS-BMSCs复合材料疗效优于单纯CS材料的修复能力，具有确切的骨缺损修复能力,有良好的应用前景。

Objective　To explore the ability of injectable nano-Hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite compounded with bone marrow stromal cells (nHA/CS-BMSCs) for repairing large bone defects of rabbit femoral condyle.　Methods　Animal models of bone defects were induced in 18 New Zealand white rabbits by drilling holes in bilateral femoral lateral condyles, and treated as follows: for all animals, the right defects were filled with the nHA/CS-BMSCs compounded, however, the left defects of 16 rabbits were filled with CS material, while, left defects of another 2 animals were untreated and taken as the control. The repairing effects were evaluated by gross observation, X-ray and CT scan 12 weeks after operation.　Results　The gross observation, X-ray lateral projection, the measurement and analysis of CT values, and the results of three dimensional reconstruction revealed that, the bone defects filled with nHA/CS-BMSCs had been repaired completely, with the better repairing effects compared to that of CS. nHA/CS-BMSCs prompt to  the new bone formation, compared to CS material(P＜0.05).    Conclusions     The nHA/CS-BMSCs is effective on repairing bone defects, which maybe a promising bone repairing material for clinical application.