目的　寻求建立颈椎后路手术相关结构数字模型及三维可视化方法。  方法　取健康志愿者头顶至第3胸椎下缘连续CT/MRI断面图像，Mimics软件对骨骼，肌肉，神经等组织用半自动方法进行分割和重建，MedCAD（医学计算机辅助设计）模块对细小解剖结构重建，三维化显示颈椎后路手术相关解剖结构。  结果    建立颈椎后路手术相关结构的三维可视化模型，显示骨性结构、颈背部由浅入深4层17组肌肉、4组韧带、C1~T2脊神经后支和颈部浅层肌等解剖结构的位置关系。  结论    在颈背部三维可视化模型基础上，参照解剖学层次逐层显示该手术相关重要结构，为该手术解剖教学、手术培训提供医疗教学平台。

Objective　To explore the method for establishing digital model and three-dimensional visualization of the correlated structures of posterior cervical approach.  Methods　Basing on CT and MRI continuous 2-Dimensional pictures from the vertex to the inferior border of the T3 of one healthy volunteer，half-auto cut and reconstruction was taken on skeleton，muscles and nerves with the Mimics software. The tiny anatomic structures were reconstructed with the MedCAD module. Three-dimensional model of posterior cervical approach and its surrounding structures was successfully displayed.   Results    A three-dimensional digital model of the correlated structures of posterior cervical approach was established. The position relation of different structures was successfully presented, such as the skeleton; 17 groups of muscles covering the nape, formed 4 layers from the superficial to the deep; 4 kinds of ligaments; ramus posterior nervorum spinalium of C1-T2; and the superficial cervical muscles.  Conclusions　On the basis of three-dimensional visualization model of the nape，the correlated important structures of posterior cervical approach can be displayed step by step, which is a favorable tool for anatomic teaching and operation training.