目的 探讨膝降动脉穿支的解剖学特征，为临床膝周软组织缺损的修复提供一种新的术式。方法  在40侧动脉内灌注红色乳胶成人下肢标本上，以股骨内侧髁下缘、收肌结节为观测标志点，手术放大镜下重点解剖观测：①膝降动脉穿支的起源、分支与分布；②穿支与周围血管间吻合关系。另1侧新鲜标本进行摹拟手术设计。  结果  膝降动脉穿支于股骨内侧髁下缘上约4 cm，在股内侧肌、大收肌腱与股骨内侧髁所围成的三角形凹陷内穿过深筋膜至皮下，并分出众多的细小血管与邻近的髌骨周围血管网、缝匠肌前缘及后缘的穿血管、股内侧皮神经的神经旁和神经干血管链的分支密切吻合，在膝关节内侧上部形成顺沿缝匠肌和股内侧皮神经纵轴的血管丛。  结论  以膝降动脉穿支为蒂，可形成轴型皮瓣或跨区域供血皮瓣转位修复膝部软组织缺损。

        Objective  To explore anatomic features of the perforating branch of descending genicular artery, and provide a new operative method for repairing soft tissue defects around knee joint.   Methods  The lower edge of medial femoral condyle and the adductor tubercle were taken as the marks to dissect 40 specimens of adult lower limb perfused with red latex. The courses，branches and distributions of the perforating branches of descending genicular artery, and its anastomosis with peripheral vessels were observed under magnifying glass. Meanwhile, simulated operation was performed on one side of fresh specimen.   Results  Perforating branches of descending genicular artery started from the lower edge of medial femoral condyle about 4cm, and passed through the deep fascia in which the triangle depression surrounded by the vastus medialis muscle, adductor tendon and the medial femoral condyle to the subcutaneous. They also separated large number of small blood vessels, which closely aligned with the adjacent vascular network around the patella, perforating branches of the sartorius leading-edge and trailing-edge, branches of the M.C. perineural and neural stem vascular chain. Then they formed along the sartorius muscle and femoral cutaneous nerve medial longitudinal axis of the vascular plexus in the upper part of the medial.   Conclusions  The axial pattern flaps or cross-regional blood supply skin flap pedicled with descending genicular artery can be formed to repair nonunion and defect around knee joint.