目的  研究颈动脉的形态与动脉粥样硬化的情况，为颈总、颈内动脉狭窄的诊治提供形态学基础。 方法  解剖观测成尸30（男24、女6)侧颈动脉，观测颈动脉的形态及动脉粥样硬化情况。 结果  ①颈总动脉中段外径，左侧(8.75±1.56)mm；右侧(8.31±0.99)mm。②颈内动脉根部外径，左侧(8.15±1.42)mm；右侧(7.51±1.63)mm。③颈外动脉中段外径，左侧(4.87±1.09)mm；右侧(4.39±0.89)mm。④颈动脉粥样硬化发生率占60%(18侧)，其中颈内动脉根部四壁明显动脉硬化，内腔直径1.6 mm严重狭窄1侧，占总数的　3.33%。 结论  颈动脉粥样硬化发生率最高为颈动脉窦，占颈动脉硬化标本的100%，可致颈内动脉内腔狭窄。

        Objective  To explore anatomic features of carotid artery and its relationship with carotid atherosclerosis, and provide morphologic basis for the diagnosis and treatment of common carotid and internal carotid stenosis．Methods  30 adult cadaveric specimens (24 males and 6 females) were used in this study. Carotid arteries were observed and measured, as well the situation of carotid atherosclerosis was recorded．Results  ①Outer diameter of the middle part of common carotid artery was about (8.75±1.56) mm and (8.31±0.99) mm for the left and right respectively.②Outer diameter of the root of internal carotid artery was (8.45±1.42) mm and (7.51±1.63) mm for the left and right respectively.③Outer diameter of the middle part of external carotid artery was (4.87±1.09) mm and (4.39±0.89) mm respectively.④18 cases appeared carotid atherosclerosis(60%) ，which happened mainly on the internal wall at the root of internal carotid．One case(3.33%) presented serious narrow, with the inner diameter of internal carotid of  only about 1.6mm. Conclusions  Carotid atherosclerosis is most likely to appear on the internal wall of carotid, which cause intraluminal narrow of internal carotid．