目的 基于分歧韧带（BL）的解剖学特征进行分型，为诊断和治疗踝扭伤提供解剖学依据。 方法 对47例防腐尸体标本的BL分型并测量跟舟韧带（CNL）和跟骰韧带（CCL）的长度、宽度（近端，中间及远端）、厚度及分叉角，并在不同分型间进行统计学分析。 结果 BL分为4型，其中I型占比59.6%，II型占比25.5%，Ⅲ型占比10.6%。新发现的IV型占比4.3%，其中较短的CCL明显短于II型中的CCL，且分叉角与I型、II型存在显著差异性（P<0.05）。 结论 BL的4种解剖分型以I型为主。新的IV型提升了对BL复杂性的认识。为踝扭伤的精准诊断和个体化治疗提供了形态学依据。
Abstract
Objective To classify the bifurcate ligament (BL) based on its anatomical characteristics, and to provide anatomical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of ankle sprains. Methods The BL was classified in 47 preserved cadaver specimens, and the lengths, widths (proximal, middle, and distal), thicknesses, and bifurcation angles of the calcaneonavicular ligament (CNL) and calcaneocuboid ligament (CCL) were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted among different classifications. Results The BL was classified into 4 types. Type I accounted for 59.6%, Type II accounted for 25.5%, Type III accounted for 10.6%. A new type IV accounted for 4.3%. The shorter CCL was significantly shorter than that in Type II, and the bifurcation angle was significantly different from Type I and Type II (P<0.05). Conclusions The 4 anatomical classifications of BL are dominated by Type I. The new Type IV enhances the understanding of the complexity of BL. It provides morphological basis for the precise diagnosis and individualized treatment of ankle sprains.
关键词
分歧韧带 /
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跟舟韧带 /
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跟骰韧带 /
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解剖分型 /
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解剖应用
Key words
Bifurcate ligament /
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Calcaneonavicular ligament /
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Calcaneocuboid ligament /
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Anatomical classification /
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Anatomical application
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基金
2022年西南医科大学附属中医医院科研团队培育项目（2022-CXTD-08）；2023年西南医科大学中西医结合专项（优基计划）（2023ZYYJ03）；2024年西南医科大学大学生创新训练计划项目（S202410632147X）；2025年四川省保健科研项目（普及应用项目）（川健研2025-2001）；2025年西南医科大学大学生创新训练计划项目（S202510632124）
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