枢椎横突孔解剖形态学研究

doi:10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2026.1.02

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中国临床解剖学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1) : 9-15. DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2026.1.02

应用解剖

枢椎横突孔解剖形态学研究

李田一¹，谢思远¹，卢雄光²，韩语¹，李义凯^1,3*

作者信息 +

Anatomical morphological study of the transverse foramina of the axis vertebra

Li Tianyi¹, Xie Siyuan¹, Lu Xiongguang², Han Yu¹, Li Yikai^1,3*

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文章历史 +

摘要

目的通过对成人枢椎横突孔进行形态学测量，并结合临床CTA影像数据，探究其左右侧及上下口之间的解剖学差异，验证干骨测量结论的临床适用性，并探讨其对椎动脉走行及相关手术的临床意义。方法选取100例干燥成人枢椎标本（标本组）及32例正常成人颈部CTA影像（CTA组）进行研究。测量其横突孔上下口的最大径、最小径及横截面积，计算其孔径均值、纵横比及变异系数等相关参数，并对CTA组的椎动脉直径进行测量。对标本组数据进行对称性、形态特征及发育协同性分析；对比两组间的形态学参数差异；并分析正常人群中椎动脉直径与同侧横突孔面积的相关性。结果标本组中，枢椎横突孔在宏观上具有双侧对称性，但下口的最小径及孔径均值存在显著的左右差异（P<0.05），左右侧横截面积的相关性较弱。同侧上下口之间存在显著的形态学差异（P<0.05）：上口形态变异度更高、更不规则，椭圆形比例更高；下口则形态更稳定、更趋于圆形。同侧上下口的横截面积呈中等程度正相关（左侧r=0.506，右侧r=0.516，P<0.05）。CTA组与标本组的形态学特征总体趋势一致，但CTA测量的左侧上口横截面积显著小于干骨组（P<0.05）。在CTA组中，椎动脉直径与同侧横突孔横截面积呈中等强度的显著正相关（r=0.414, P<0.05）。结论枢椎横突孔总体轮廓对称，但在局部大小及个体发育层面存在一定不对称性，呈上口变异较多，下口较稳定的形态特征。干骨测量数据可为临床提供参考，但需注意活体中软组织占据的空间。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the anatomical differences of transverse foramina of axis vertebra through morphological measurements of dry specimens combined with clinical CTA imaging data, to validate the clinical applicability of osteometric findings, and to explore their clinical significance for vertebral artery course and related surgeries. Methods A total of 100 dry adult axis vertebrae (specimen group) and 32 normal adult cervical CTA images (CTA group) were included. The maximum diameter, minimum diameter, and cross-sectional area of superior and inferior apertures of transverse foramina were measured in both groups. The vertebral artery diameter was measured in CTA group. The mean aperture, aspect ratio and coefficient of variation and other related parameters were calculated. Symmetry, morphological characteristics, and developmental coordination were analyzed in specimen group. Morphometric parameters were compared between two groups, and the correlation between vertebral artery diameter and ipsilateral foraminal area was analyzed in normal population. Results In specimen group, transverse foramina demonstrated general bilateral symmetry, but significant left-right differences existed in the minimum diameter and mean diameter of inferior aperture (P<0.05). Significant morphological disparities were found between superior and inferior apertures on the same side (P<0.05), with superior aperture showing greater variability and irregularity. The overall morphological trends were consistent between CTA and specimen groups, but the cross-sectional area of left superior aperture measured by CTA was significantly smaller than that of specimen group (left side r=0.506, right side r=0.516, P<0.05). In CTA group, a moderate but significant positive correlation was found between vertebral artery diameter and cross-sectional area of ipsilateral transverse foramen (r=0.414, P<0.05). Conclusions Transverse foramina of axis exhibit a morphological pattern of a variable superior aperture and a stable inferior aperture. Data from dry bone measurements can serve as a clinical reference, but the smaller effective bony space in vivo must be considered.

导出引用

李田一, 谢思远, 卢雄光, 韩语, 李义凯. 枢椎横突孔解剖形态学研究[J]. 中国临床解剖学杂志. 2026, 44(1): 9-15 https://doi.org/10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2026.1.02

Li Tianyi, Xie Siyuan, Lu Xiongguang, Han Yu, Li Yikai. Anatomical morphological study of the transverse foramina of the axis vertebra[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy. 2026, 44(1): 9-15 https://doi.org/10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2026.1.02

中图分类号： R322.71

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