目的    观察腓肠外侧浅动脉穿支皮瓣解剖学特点，为该皮瓣应用提供理论依据。  方法   自2017年1月至2019年12月，对腓肠外侧浅动脉穿支皮瓣手术进行解剖学观察，连续观察17例，记录皮瓣切取情况，皮瓣大小，穿支来源，穿支起源和穿出点的位置，穿支长度、数量和直径，穿支与腓肠外侧皮神经的解剖关系。  结果    17例皮瓣手术中，15例顺利切取腓肠外侧浅动脉穿支皮瓣，腓肠外侧浅动脉出现率为88.2%，其中86.7%穿支起源于腘动脉，13.3%穿支起源于外侧腓肠动脉；穿支起点86.7%在腘窝横纹以上，平均距离腘窝横纹1.5 cm；腓肠外侧浅动脉穿支长度平均为4.8 cm（3~7 cm）；穿支动静脉比例统计证实，1根动脉1根静脉占73.3%，1根动脉2根静脉占26.7%；动脉内径平均0.59 mm（0.4~0.8 mm），静脉内径平均0.78 mm（0.4~1.3 mm）。腓肠外侧浅动脉穿支与腓肠外侧皮神经的关系有4种类型：Ⅰ型不伴行型（20.0%），Ⅱ型交叉型（26.7%），Ⅲ型疏松伴行型（26.7%），Ⅳ型紧密伴行型（26.7%）。Ⅳ型包括可分离亚型（13.3%）与不可分离亚型（13.3%）。  结论    腓肠外侧浅动脉穿支皮瓣具有特殊的解剖特点，血管蒂位置、走形、直径及与腓肠外侧神经的关系均存在变异，熟悉这些特点有助于提高手术效率，减少并发症。

Objective   To observe the anatomical characteristics of superficial lateral sural artery perforator flap, so as to provide theoretical basis for flap application.   Methods   From January 2017 to December 2019, the intraoperative anatomical observation of the lateral sural artery perforator flap surgery was performed, and a total of 17 consecutive cases were observed. From the beginning of the operation, the flap size, the source of perforator, the origin and end of the perforator, the perforator length, the number and inner diameter of the perforator, and the adjacent relationship between the perforator and the lateral sural nerve were recorded.    Results    Among 17 cases of flap surgery, 15 cases were harvested as superficial lateral sural artery perforator flap, the occurrence of superficial lateral sural artery was 88.2%. Among 15 cases of superficial lateral sural artery perforator flap, 86.7% of perforators originated from the popliteal artery, and 13.3% of perforators originated from the lateral sural artery. The origin of perforator was 86.7% above the popliteal fossa, with an average distance of 1.5 cm from the popliteal fossa. One artery and one vein accounted for 73.3%, and one artery and two veins accounted for 26.7%. Superficial lateral sural artery were (3-7) cm in length, with an average of 4.8 cm. Arterial inner diameter was (0.4-0.8) mm, with an average of 0.59 mm; vein inner diameter was (0.4-1.3) mm, with an average of 0.78 mm. There were four types of relationship between superficial lateral sural artery and lateral sural nerve: Ⅰtype no concomitant (20.0%), Ⅱtype crossing (26.7%), Ⅲ type loosely concomitant (26.7%), and Ⅳ type tightly concomitant (26.7%) %). Ⅳtype was divided into separable subtype (13.3%) and inseparable subtype (13.3%).    Conclusions   The anatomy of superficial lateral sural artery perforator flap has its own characteristics. Familiar with the position, course, diameter of superficial lateral sural artery and its relationship with the lateral sural nerve is vital to improve operation efficiency and reduce complications.