目的 基于儿童连续薄层解剖数据集重建骶椎及其软骨并行三维观测，为临床、教学及研究应用提供三维可视化模型。 方法 利用冷冻数控技术对 1 例中国3岁女童盆部标本进行铣切，获取女童盆部连续高清断层解剖数据集。然后，应用软件分割骶椎的骨、软骨及椎间盘等结构并建立相应路径，在此基础上完成儿童骶椎模型的重建，并且对重建后的模型观测分析。最后，将该模型与收集的 20例3~4岁儿童盆部影像资料进行对比研究，对模型的准确性和有效性予以验证。 结果 获得女童盆部薄层高清解剖学图像数据集，并构建中国3岁女童的骶椎及其软骨三维可视化数字模型。测量结果显示S1~S4神经弓中心软骨联合(NCS)的前后径从头侧向尾端呈现由大到小的变化，S1 NCS的横径明显大于其余骶椎的NCS横径。S1~S3椎体-肋部软骨(VB-CEC)的高度、周长和前后径从头侧向尾端逐渐减小。S1 VB-CEC的横径明显大于其余骶椎VB-CEC的横径。三维模型与 CT 影像测量结果基本一致。 结论 儿童骶椎三维可视化模型可以清晰显示骶椎及骶椎软骨的结构及位置，儿童骶椎各软骨具有发育解剖学特征。
Abstract
Objective To observe the reconstruction of sacral vertebra and its cartilage based on the continuous ultra-thin sectional anatomical dataset of children, providing 3D visualization models for clinical, teaching and research applications. Methods A continuous high-definition sectional anatomy dataset of a 3-year-old girl pelvi in China was obtained by milling the pelvi specimen using cryo-numerical control technology. Then, the software was used to segment the bone, cartilage and intervertebral discs of the sacrum and establish corresponding paths. On this basis, the sacral vertebra model in children was reconstructed and analyzed after reconstruction.Finally, the results of model were compared with the collected pelvic image data of 20 children aged 3 to 4 years to verify its accuracy and effectiveness. Results A dataset of ultra-thin and high-definition sectional anatomical images of the pelvic of girls was obtained, and a 3D visual digital model of sacral vertebra and cartilage was constructed in a 3-year-old Chinese girl. The measurement results showed that the anteroposterior diameters of S1-S4 Neurocentral Synchondrosis (NCS) varied from large to small, and the transverse diameters of S1 NCS were significantly larger than those of other sacral vertebra. From S1 to S3, the height of Vertebral Body and Costal Element Cartilage (VB-CEC), perimeter and anteroposterior diameter of VB-CEC gradually decreased from the beginning side to the tail end. The transverse diameter of VB-CEC in S1 was significantly larger than that of VB-CEC in other sacral vertebra. The 3D model was basically consistent with the measurement results of CT image data. Conclusions The three-dimensional visualization model of children's sacral vertebra can clearly show the structure and position of sacral vertebra and cartilage, and each cartilage of children's sacral vertebra has developmental anatomical characteristics.
关键词
骶椎； /
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软骨； /
/
可视化； /
/
儿童； /
/
三维重建
Key words
Sacral vertebra; /
Cartilage; /
Visualization; /
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Children; /
/
Three-dimensional reconstruction
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82360892)；内蒙古自治区卫生科技计划项目(202201219)；教育厅科技领先人才和创新团队建设项目(NMGIRT2307)；教育厅科技领先人才和创新团队建设学校匹配项目(YKD2024TD013)；内蒙古医科大学重点项目(YKD2022ZD007)；内蒙古医科大学博士启动基金项目(YKD2023BSQD011)；内蒙古医科大学研究生科技创新“卓越人才”培养计划储备项目(YKD2023ZY001)
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