目的 对儿童颅底及颈部进行数字化三维重建，创建三维可视化模型。 方法 通过冷冻数控铣切及数字摄影技术获取1例中国6岁男童连续高精度超薄断层标本数字解剖图像数据集，选取从颅底至T1上缘之间的横断面，利用PhotoShop.2021逐张进行手动分割，使用三维重建软件Digihuman Reconstruction System将手动分割的结构重建，再导入3-matic Research 13.0软件进行调整和修改。 结果 成功建立首例中国男童的颅底及颈部三维可视化模型，多方位多角度清晰再现所分割结构三维形态及空间位置关系，完成对颅底及颈部椎骨、血管、神经及肌肉的详细观察，对颈部动静脉神经及椎体相关数据测量，分析解剖结构特点及手术注意事项。 结论 利用数字儿童颅底及颈部三维可视化模型，可多方位立体直观地显示详细解剖结构及毗邻关系，结合对颈部血管神经及椎体结构数据测量，为儿科临床诊治、虚拟手术、医学教学提供重要参考依据。
Abstract
Objective To reconstruct the skull base and neck of children and create three-dimensional visual model. Methods The digital anatomical image dataset of a 6-year-old Chinese boy was obtained by freezing numerical control milling and digital photography. The cross sections from the skull base to the upper edge of T1 were selected and manually segmented by using PhotoShop.2021. The Digihuman Reconstruction System was used to directly reconstruct the manually segmented structure, and then imported into 3-Matic Research 13.0 software for adjustment and modification. Results The first three-dimensional visualization model of skull base and neck of a Chinese boy was established successfully. The three-dimensional morphology and spatial position of the segmented structures were clearly explained in multiple directions and multi-angles. And detailed observation of skull base, vertebrae, blood vessels, nerves and muscles of neck was completed. The anatomical characteristics and surgical precautions were preliminarily analyzed by measuring carotid and venous nerves and vertebral body data. Conclusions The three-dimensional visualization model of skull base and neck of digital children can display the detailed anatomical structure and adjacent relationship, which provides important reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, virtual surgery and medical teaching of pediatrics.
关键词
儿童； /
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颅底及颈部； /
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横断面解剖； /
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三维重建； /
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数字化可视人体
Key words
Children; /
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Skull base and neck; /
Cross-sectional anatomy; /
Three-dimensional reconstruction; /
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Digital visual human body
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基金
国家自然科学基金（81660358，81860382，81860383），内蒙古自治区自然科学基金（2019MS08017），内蒙古自治区科技发展计划项目（2019GG158），内蒙古医科大学英才培育项目（YCPY2020087，YCPY2021130），内蒙古医科大学青年领创团队项目（QNLC-2020025）
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