目的 报道锁骨上入路内窥镜手术治疗胸廓出口综合征的解剖学研究与临床疗效。 方法 选取成人标本，对颈外侧区及颈前区结构进行解剖学研究并经锁骨上入路模拟内窥镜手术，确定该术式的最佳路径。根据解剖研究结果，锁骨上入路内窥镜手术应用于临床治疗胸廓出口综合征。 结果 解剖研究表明锁骨上入路内窥镜手术治疗胸廓出口综合征的最佳手术入路点为头偏向健侧60 °轻微后仰时，胸骨头至乳突全长60%处与胸锁乳突肌后缘的交点；颈横动脉为镜下操作的解剖特异标志。临床完成锁骨上入路内窥镜手术5例，术后平均随访25个月（12~36个月），按照Roos评定标准，优4例，良1例。 结论 锁骨上入路内窥镜手术治疗胸廓出口综合征有其解剖学基础，临床应用安全可行，能有效解除臂丛神经血管受压征。
Abstract
Objective To report the anatomical study and clinical effect of supraclavicular endoscopic surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome. Methods Adult specimens were selected to study anatomically the structures of the lateral cervical region and the anterior cervical region, and the supraclavicular approach was selected for endoscopic simulation operation to determine the optimal approach point. According to the results of anatomical study, endoscopic supraclavicular approach was applied in the treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome. Results Anatomic study showed that the best approach of endoscopic surgery was the intersection point between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and 60% of the total length of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the posterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle when the head was slightly inclined to the opposite side at 60 °. The transverse cervical artery was the anatomic specific marker of endoscopic operation. Five patients underwent endoscopic supraclavicular approach surgery clinically. The mean follow-up time was 25 months (12~36 months). According to Roos criteria, 4 cases were excellent and 1 case was good. Conclusions Endoscopic surgery via supraclavicular approach for thoracic outlet syndrome has its anatomical basis, and its clinical application is safe and feasible. It can effectively relieve the compression of brachial plexus in thoracic outlet syndrome with satisfactory effect.
关键词
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胸廓出口综合征； 锁骨上入路； 内窥镜； 微创； 解剖与临床应用
Key words
Thoracic outlet syndrome; Supraclavicular approach; Endoscope; Minimally invasive; /
Anatomy and clinical application
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基金
深圳市“医疗卫生三名工程”（SZSM201512032）；深圳市科研项目（JCYJ 20140416122811970）；深圳市医学重点学科建设经费资助（SZXK024）；深圳市运动系统组织与功能重建重点实验室（ZDSYS20200811143752005）
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