目的　研究国人颞中静脉的解剖学特征和标志，为临床应用提供解剖学依据。  方法　26侧（左12侧，右14侧，男性18，女性3）经10%福尔马林灌注固定的人头标本，解剖颞区颞中静脉及属支，观察其走行分布，测量主干到各解剖标志距离及管径，计数属支数目并测量管径。比较左、右侧差异。  结果　所有标本存在颞中静脉，主干管径平均2.91 mm（0.72~5.88 mm），属支0~7支，属支管径平均2.05 mm（0.54~5.30 mm），可有2级属支（3.8%，1例）。主干汇入颞浅静脉的位置不完全一致，汇点高者在颧弓根部（42.3%，11例），低者位于颧弓下缘9.02~21.00 mm处。主干大致有3种分布类型：①经典型53.8%（14例），②分裂聚合型30.8%（8例），③直角型15.4%（4例）。转折处到耳屏内侧缘的垂直距离平均18.69 mm，主干到颧弓中点、眶外缘与颧弓交界处、眼外眦、眉弓外端距离的平均值，左侧分别为：（17.23±7.29）、（18.82±9.00）、（21.14±6.96）、（9.62±8.87）mm，右侧分别为：（17.28±5.74）、（18.34±7.63）、（19.40±6.98）mm、（8.17±5.53）mm；相对应的管径平均值分别为左：（3.75±1.63）、（3.34±1.00）、（3.08±1.18）、（2.81±1.23）mm；右：（4.29±2.93）、（2.90±1.29）、（2.89±1.20）、（2.57±1.21）mm。左、右侧无统计学差异。  结论　对国人颞中静脉的走行分布进行解剖学类型划分，以丰富解剖学资料；掌握颞中静脉的解剖学特征和标志，于颞区手术具有指导意义。

Objective　To study the anatomical characteristics and mark of the middle temporal vein(MTV), providing anatomical basis for clinical application.　Methods　Twenty-six（ 12 cases on the left , 14 cases on the right ）human head specimens perfused with 10% formalin solution were collected, and the middle temporal vein and its tributary were dissected. The distribution of the MTV was observed. The distance from the trunk of the MTV to each anatomical landmark and pipe diameter were measured. The number of tributaries was accounted. The difference between the left side and right side was compared.　Results　All specimens had middle temporal veins, with an average trunk diameter of 2.91 mm (0.72~5.88 mm), had 0~7 tributaries , with an average tributary diameter of 2.05 mm (0.54~5.30 mm). There were 2 levels of tributary in 1 case (accounting for 3.8 %). The locations of the confluence points that the trunk merging into the superficial temporal vein were not exactly the same. The high confluence points were located at the root of the zygomatic arch in 11 cases (accounting for 42.3% ) and the low were at the lower edge of the zygomatic arch 9.02~21.00 mm.  Trunk had three types according to the distribution: ① 14 cases of classic type (accounting for 53.8%) ② 8 cases of split aggregation type (accounting for 30.8%) ③ 4 cases of right-angled type (accounting for 15.4%). The average vertical distance from the turning point to the interior edge of the tragus was 18.69 mm. The mean distance of the left side from the trunk to the midpoint of zygomatic arch, the junction of the orbital outer edge and the zygomatic arch, the outer canthus, and the outer end of eyebrow were (17.23±7.29)、(18.82±9.00)、(21.14±6.96)、(9.62±8.87) mm respectively and the right of those  were (17.28±5.74)、(18.34±7.63)、(19.40±6.98)、(8.17±5.53) mm respectively. The corresponding mean diameter of the vein in the left were (3.75±1.63)、(3.34±1.00)、(3.08±1.18)、(2.81±1.23) mm respectively, the right were (4.29±2.93)、(2.90±1.29)、(2.89±1.20)、(2.57±1.21) mm respectively. There were no statistical difference between the left side and the right side.　Conclusions　The anatomical knowledge of the middle temporal vein is of crucial importance for  reconstructive scalp surgery in the temporal region.