目的　优化细小穿刺组织石蜡包埋方法，以期提高其包埋质量。  方法　通过实验，分别比较不同温度的包埋模具、冷台添加水与否、不同包埋角度、不同二次注蜡角度等条件对细小穿刺组织包埋合格率、包埋时间、切片组织结构完整性、折叠、皱褶、刀痕、细胞显示效果、网状纤维染色效果的影响。  结果　①使用预热至66 ℃的包埋模具包埋合格率显著高于常温包埋模具（χ2=5.26，P＜0.05）；切片组织结构完整性、细胞透明度、核质对比清晰度、网状纤维完整性均分别优于常温组（P均＜0.05）。②包埋机冷台添加少量水使包埋合格率与包埋效率均显著优于未添加水者（P均＜0.05）；切片组织结构完整性、细胞透明度、核质对比清晰度、网状纤维完整性均分别优于未添加水者（P均＜0.05）。③包埋时穿刺组织与包埋模具长轴呈30°~45°角者无折叠、无皱褶、细胞透明度、核质对比清晰度、纤维完整性、网状纤维与胶原纤维对比度均分别优于穿刺组织与包埋模具长轴垂直者（P均＜0.05）；切片组织结构完整性、无刀痕、细胞透明度、纤维完整性均分别优于穿刺组织与包埋模具长轴平行者（P均＜0.05）。④二次注蜡时包埋模具倾斜10°~25°角的包埋合格率显著高于未倾斜者（χ2=4.82，P＜0.05）；组织结构完整性、细胞透明度、核质对比清晰度、纤维完整性均分别优于未倾斜者（P均＜0.05）。  结论　优化包埋模具温度、包埋机冷台、包埋组织角度、二次注蜡角度等条件，可显著提高细小穿刺组织包埋合格率、包埋效率、后续切片质量、细胞显示效果、网状纤维染色效果。

Objective    to optimize the method of paraffin-embedded fine puncture tissue, and improve the quality of paraffin embedding.    Methods    The conditions including embedding molds at different temperatures, adding water or not at the cold plate, different embedding angles, and different secondary wax injection angles were tried, and the embedding acceptability, embedding time, tissue structure integrity, wrinkles, knife marks, cell display effect, and reticular fiber staining effect for small puncture tissues were analyzed and compared.   Results   ① The embedding acceptability was significantly higher  using the embedding mold preheated to 66 ℃ than that at room temperature（χ2=5.26，P＜0.05）. The integrity of histological structure, cell transparency, contrast and clarity of nucleoplasm and reticular fiber integrity were all better than normal temperature group (P＜0.05). ② Both embedding acceptability and efficiency were better by adding a  small amount of water to the cold plate compared to that without water(P＜0.05).③ Setting the embedding angle (between biopsy tissue and embedding mold) to 30°~45°, slices showed better quality  than the angle set to 0° or 90° (P＜0.05). ④ The embedding acceptability in the embedding mold at a tilt of 10°~25° during secondary wax injection was significantly higher than that at untilted ones（χ2=4.82，P＜0.05）.   Conclusion    By optimizing the conditions including embedding mold temperature, embedding machine cold plate, tissue embedding angle, and secondary wax injection angle can significantly improve the embedding acceptability, embedding efficiency, ensuing slices’quality, cell display effect, and reticular fiber dyeing effect for fine puncture tissues.