食蟹猴单膝ACL损伤模型中ACL与腘绳肌本体感受器的变化
张磊,郭晓光,祁冀,周鑫,汪国友,扶世杰,李义凯
中国临床解剖学杂志 ›› 2017, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3) : 301-306.
食蟹猴单膝ACL损伤模型中ACL与腘绳肌本体感受器的变化
The proprioceptive changes of the ACL and hamstring in the cynomolgus monkeys’ ACL injury of one knee as a model
目的 探讨食蟹猴单膝ACL损伤后，双侧的ACL与腘绳肌本体感受器的变化及其原因。 方法 选取6只正常的食蟹猴，随机选择3只食蟹猴进行关节镜下单侧ACL损伤造模后，将全部膝关节分为三组：正常组（正常3只膝关节）、模型A组（模型健侧3只膝关节）和模型B组（模型患侧3只膝关节），分别分离ACL、腘绳肌，进行HE和氯化金染色，观察韧带基本形态和本体感受器的形态及数量。 结果 我们观察到三组ACL和腘绳肌中的四类本体感受器。在术后4周，正常组与模型A组ACL和腘绳肌中，各类本体感受器形态、数量均未发现明显变化，无统计学差异(P>0.05)。而模型B组的ACL和腘绳肌中：Ruffini小体、Pacinian小体和Golgi腱器官形态变异，游离神经末梢形态无明显变化，各类本体感受器数量均有下降，有统计学差异(P<0.01)。在模型B组的ACL和腘绳肌中，Ruffini小体的变异数量最多，Pacinian小体其次，Golgi腱器官最少，且统计学有明显差异(P<0.01)。 结论 患侧ACL的损伤会引起同侧本体感受器数量减少，甚至形态变异，通过ACL-腘绳肌反射弧的反射性影响，同侧腘绳肌中的本体感受器也出现相应变化，但在短时间内不会影响到对侧的本体感受器形态和数量。
Objective To explore the changes of proprioceptors of bilateral anterior cruciate ligaments and hamstring muscle and its causes after injury of the unilateral anterior cruciate ligament in cynomolgus monkeys. a. Methods We chose 6 normal cynomolgus monkeys and randomly selected 3 monkeys to establish unilateral ACL injury model under arthroscopy. All the knee joints were divided into three groups: the normal group (3 normal knees), and the model group A (3 uninjured knees in the models ) and the model group B (3 injured knees in the models). Then we respectively harvested the ACL and hamstrings to conduct HE and the gold chloride staining for demonstration of the basic shape of ligament and the morphology and quantity of proprioceptors. Results We observed the four types of proprioceptors in the ligament and hamstring in three groups. 4 weeks after operation, wecompared the morphology and quantity of all proprioceptors in the normal group and the model group A, and no significant change and difference in statistics were observed (P>0.05). In the model group B, the Ruffini's corpuscles, the Pacinian corpuscles and the Golgi tendon organs had morphological variation, and the number of various types of proprioceptors had declined, and the difference was significant in statistics (P<0.01). Nevertheless, the morphology of free nerve endings had no change. In addition, Ruffini's corpuscles had the largest number of morphological variation, followed by Pacinian corpuscles and Golgi tendon organs in a declining order, significant differences in statistics were observed(P<0.01). Conclusions The injured ACL can make the number of proprioceptors decrease in the same side, and even the morphological variation, and the hamstring’s proprioceptors in the same side also have the corresponding changes through reflective effects of the ACL-hamstring reflex arc. However, the injury will not affect the contralateral proprioceptors’ morphology and quantity in a short period of time.
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