目的　探索股神经肌支转位修复闭孔神经损伤与闭孔神经肌支修复股神经损伤的应用解剖。  方法　游标卡尺测量20具成人尸体股神经和闭孔神经肌支的长度；6具死亡3~10 h内尸体，其股神经和闭孔神经的肌支经Karnovsky-Roots法染色后，图像分析仪测量它们的横切面积和神经纤维数量。  结果　股神经肌支中股内侧肌长支最长，近端横断面积最大；闭孔神经肌支中股薄肌支最长，大收肌支近端横切面积最大。每条肌支内均以躯体运动纤维含量最高，股神经肌支中股内侧肌长支躯体运动纤维数量最多，而闭孔神经肌支中大收肌支最多，其次是股薄肌支。各肌支中γ-薄髓神经纤维的含量，股神经的肌支中以股内侧肌短支和股直肌支较高；而闭孔神经肌支中短收肌支含量最高。  结论　基于各肌支长度、近端横断面积和神经纤维数量的综合考虑，股神经和闭孔神经损伤修复中，股内侧肌长支和股薄肌支宜为供体神经；股内侧肌短支和股直肌支以及大收肌支宜为受体神经。

Objective　To explore applied anatomy of femoral branch to obturator nerve transfer for repair of obturator nerve injury and obturator nerve transfer for femoral nerve repair.　Methods　The length of the muscular branches of the femoral and obturator nerves were measured in 20 emblamed cadavers using vernier caliper. In six fresh cadavers that died within three to ten hours，the femoral and obturator nerves were collected and stained by Karnovsky-Roots method for determination of the transection area and and the fibers by Leica image analyzer.　Results　The long muscular branch to vastus medialis was longest in length and the proximal transection area was largest among the muscular branches of femoral nerve; the gracilis branch was longest in length and the branch to adductor magnus was largest in transection area among muscular branches of obturator nerve. The number of somatic motor fibers was highest in each muscle branches. The number of somatic motor fibers of vastus medialis long branch was highest among muscular branches of femoral nerve, adductor magnus branch was highest and gracilis branch was second among muscular branches of obturator nerve. The content of γ - thin myelinated nerve fibers, vastus medialis short branch and rectus femoris branch were highest other in muscular branches of femoral nerve and adductor brevis branch were highest in muscular branches of obturator nerve.　Conclusions　Considering the length, proximal cross-sectional area and the number of the nerve fiber in each muscle branch, in the femoral and obturator nerve injury repair, the vastus medialis long branch and gracilis branch should be donor nerves; the vastus medialis short branch and rectus femoris branch and adductor magnus branch should be receptor nerves.