目的　探讨姜黄素对脊髓压迫性损伤脱髓鞘病变的保护作用。  方法　采用自行设计的压迫装置制作压迫性脊髓损伤模型。用30只成年SD大鼠，雌雄不拘，随机分为假手术组（10只），模型组（10只）和治疗组（10只）。治疗组，于脊髓压迫2h后，减压，并腹腔注射姜黄素（100 mg/kg）进行干预性治疗，而于假手术组、模型组则注射0.1% PBS进行对照。运用BBB（Basso Beattie Bresnahan）评分观察动物神经功能的恢复情况；应用Luxol fast blue ( LFB ) 、锇酸染色和透射电镜等方法 ，观察姜黄素处理前、后脊髓白质纤维髓鞘变化情况。  结果    24 h后，模型组大鼠白质有髓神经纤维出现水肿、排列疏松及髓鞘缺失等退行性变，其纤维数目逐渐减少，与假手术组相比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。应用姜黄素后，动物行为学指标有所改善，BBB评分升高，与模型组相比较，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)；其白质髓鞘化神经纤维水肿、排列疏松等病理变化有所减轻，其髓鞘化纤维计数较模型组增多，与模型组相比具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。  结论    姜黄素对脊髓压迫性损伤脱髓鞘病变有保护作用。

Objective　To investigate the effect of Curcumin on Axonal demyelination after compressed spinal cord injury (CSCI).　Methods　The CSCI model was established with a self-made device. SD rats were randomly classified into three groups: a sham group（n=10）, a model group（n=10）and a treated group（n=10）. The treated group received intraperitoneal administration of curcumin 100 mg/kg 2 h after CSCI. The model and sham group received intraperitoneal administration of 0.1% PBS. BBB (Basso, Beattie and Bresnaham) scale was used to evaluate the functional outcome. The changes of myelinated nerve fibers in white matter were observed by Luxol fast blue (LFB), osmic acid staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM).  Results　The BBB scores for the affected hindlimb after CSCI were significantly improved in the curcumin-treated group compared with the model group (P<0.05). LFB staining showed the edema and spongy degeneration to different degrees in the white matter of the model and treated group (P<0.05). Osmic acid staining demonstrated that the nerve fiber degeneration in the model group was much more severe than that in the treated group. TEM showed that administration of curcumin 2h after CSCI significantly diminished splitting myelin sheath.　Conclusion　Curcumin can protect the axonfrom demyelination after compressed spinal cord injury.