腰椎椎基静脉孔的解剖学观测及其临床意义
马春明, 鞠晓华, 王孝文, 杜晓东, 李进, 李国涛, 吴雷
中国临床解剖学杂志 ›› 2014, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4) : 405-408.
腰椎椎基静脉孔的解剖学观测及其临床意义
Anatomical study and clinical significance of the lumbar vertebral basivertebral vein foramen
目的 通过对腰椎椎基静脉孔（BVF）的观测，为临床脊柱外科手术提供解剖学数据。 方法 (1)测量115块成人腰椎观测BVF的数目、面积、与椎体上下缘距离、与左右椎弓根最短距离。(2)解剖成人尸体13具，观察BVF的形态结构。 结果 (1) BVF以椭圆形多见，不同人体BVF数目有差异（P<0.05），分布集中。(2) BVF与椎体上缘及左右椎弓根最短距离在不同人体间有差异（P<0.05），与椎体上下缘距离、左右椎弓根最短距离在同一人体不同腰椎间有差异（P<0.05）。(3)尸体解剖见血管出入BVF，并有脂肪组织等软组织填充。 结论 腰椎BVF是腰椎椎体后壁面积较大的骨质缺损区。该区域与左右椎弓根之间以及与椎体上下缘之间有一无血管出入骨质的区域，为临床脊柱外科手术提供参考。
Objective The morphology and relationship of the basivertebral vein foramen (BVF) of the lumbar vertebral body were studied to provide the reference to spine surgery. Methods About the number, area of BVF and its the shortest distances to the superior and inferior borders of the vertebral body and to the pedicles were studied in 115 adult lumbar vertebrae were studied. The configurations of the BVF in 13 adult cadavers were studied. Results In most cases, BVF was oval and round and distribution was concentrated; the number was very different in different persons (P<0.05); the distances to the superior border of the vertebral body and to the vertebral pedicles were different in different persons (P<0.05). In different lumbar vertebrae of the same person, the distances to the superior and inferior borders of the vertebral body and to the pedicles were very different (P<0.05). Vessels and soft tissues were observed in BVF through autopsy. Conclusion The BVF forms the bone defect which takes less pressure and easily causes bone fracture. There is some area without vessels between BVF and the nearby structures to provide for operation.
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