Adult female nipple and areola nerve complex anatomical characteristics and clinical significance
ZHOU Chao-Long, LUO Cheng-Kang, HONG Hai-Bin, SUN Zhong-Sheng, XU Xiang, CHEN Gui-Zong, NIE Yun-Fei
Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy ›› 2013, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1) : 19-21.
Adult female nipple and areola nerve complex anatomical characteristics and clinical significance
Objective To investigate the origin and distribution of the nerves to adult female nipples and areola area and provide guidance to clinical practice so that sensation around the nipple-areolar complex can be maximally preserved. Method Origin and distribution of nerves around the nipple-areolar complex on 15 side breast specimens from eight adult female bodies were,explore and traced with microsurgical instruments. Result Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches from the intercostal nerves formed a neural network in the nipple-areola complex. The nipple-areolar complex was innervated by anterior cutaneous branches from the 3rd and 4th intercostal nerve and the lateral cutaneous branches from the 4th and 5th intercostal nerve, with the lateral cutaneous branch from the 4th intercostal nerve innervating about 75% of the nipple-areolar complex. Conclusion Innervation of Nipple-areolar complex have various sources with complementary property. When the 3rd or 5th intercostal nerve is damaged, the majority of the sensation of the nipple-areolar complex can be preserved.
Nipple-areolar complex / Innervation / Anatomy / Clinical application
[1] Craig RDP, Sykes PA. Nipple sensitivity following reduction mammaplasty
[J]. Br J Plast Surg，1970，23(2): 165-172.
[2] Courtiss EH, Goldwyn RM. Breast sensation before and after plastic surgery
[J]. Plast Reconstr Surg,1976,58(1): 1-13.
[3] Farina MA, Newby BG, Alani HM. Innervation of the nipple-areola complex
[J]. Plast Reconstr Surg,1980, 66(4): 497-501.
[4] Sarhadi NS, Shaw Dunn J, Lee FD, et al. An anatomicalstudy of the nerve supply of the breast, including the nipple and areola
[J]. Br J Plast Surg,1996,49(3): 156-164.
[5] Jaspars JJ, Posma AN, van Immerseel AA, et al. The cutaneous innervation of the female breast and nipple-areola complex: implications for surgery
[J]. Br J Plast Surg,1997, 50(4): 249-259.
[6] Schlenz I, Kuzbari R, Gruber H, et al. The sensitivity of the Nipple-Areola Complex: an anatomic study
[J]. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2000, 105(3): 905-908.
[7]李翔, 刘春丰, 张良. 乳头乳晕区神经分布和乳房静脉的应用解剖学研究［D］. 青岛大学医学院, 2001.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
