Objective　To compare the therapeutic effects and evaluate the feasibility and advantages of the homemade single multichannel port retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cyst unroofing and open renal cyst unroofing.　Methods　The clinical data of 212 cases receiving homemade single multichannel port retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal cyst unroofing (retroperitoneal laparoscopic group) and 186 cases receiving open renal cyst unroofing (open surgery group) were retrospectively analyzed. The indications of operating time, amount of bleeding during operation, drainage quantity, acesodyne dosage, ambulation after operation and hospitalization were compared between the two groups.　Results　The operating time, amount of bleeding during operation, drainage quantity, acesodyne dosage, ambulation after operation and hospitalization of retroperitoneal laparoscopic group were significantly lower than those of open surgery group (P＜0.05).　Conclusions　Single-port laparoscopic surgery is safe and feasible in the treatment of renal cyst. It has the advantages of less trauma, effectiveness, and more cosmetic benefit than traditional laparoscopic surgery.