The changes of the intervertebral foramen following the degeneration of lower cervical spine intervertebral space evaluated by 3D laser scan and multiple planar dynamic measurement
YANG Rui, HUANG Lin, LI Wei-Beng, TANG Yong, WANG Feng, SONG Bin, CHEN Keng, YAN De-Zhen, CHEN Hui-Yong
Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy ›› 2011, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5) : 527-531.
The changes of the intervertebral foramen following the degeneration of lower cervical spine intervertebral space evaluated by 3D laser scan and multiple planar dynamic measurement
Objective To observe the changes of the intervertebral foramen following the degeneration of lower cervical spine intervertebral space evaluated by 3D laser scan and multiple planar dynamic measurement (MPDM). Methods Six cadaver specimens of cervical spine were used in this study. Preoperative disc space height was measured radiographically, and regarded the mean disc space height of C4/5 and C6/7 as the baseline height of C5/6. The spatial information of C5/6 FSU on the state of baseline height was collected by 3-D laser scanner. Single C5 and C6 without soft tissue were scanned overall. C5/6 FSU was reconstructed in Geomagic Studio 8.0 by splicing the spot and cloud image to simulate six heights（10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60%）degeneration of lower cervical spine . Intervertebral foramen volume, the middle area, internal and external aperture area were measured respectively on seven states above using MPDM. Results As space height losing, the intervertebral foramen volume and area decreased gradually. When space height lose 30% of baseline height, the middle area of the intervertebral foramen decreased significantly than baseline height state (P=0.003). Conclusions Using 3-D laser scanner, the highly dummy 3-D surface image of bone can be exhibited accurately. MPDM is objective, accurate and repeatable for evaluating intervertebral foramina. The middle area of intervertebral foramen decreased significantly compared to the baseline height state, especially at the lose of space height about 30% of baseline height, which is possible to induce corresponding clinical symptom.
3D laser scan reconstruction / Multiple planar dynamic measurement / Lower cervical spine / Intervertebral foramina
[1] Ebrahein NA, An HS, Xu R, et al. The quantitative anatomy of the cervical nerve root groove and the intervertebral foramen
[J]. Spine, 1996, 21(14):1619-1623.
[2] Epstein JA, Lavine LS, Aronson HA, et al. Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy: the syndrome of foraminal constriction treated by foramenotomy and the removal of osteophytes
[J]. Clin Orthop, 1965, (40):113-122 .
[3] Shinomiya K, Komori H, Matsuoka T, et al. Neuroradiologic and electrophysiologic assessment of cervical spondylotic amyotrophy
[J]. Spine, 1994 ,19(1):21-25.
[4] Farmer JC,Wisneski KJ. Cervical spine nerve root compression. An analysis of neuroforaminal pressures with varying head and arm positions
[J]. Spine, 1994, 19(16):1850-1855.
[5] Li QQ, Li BJ, Chen J. Research on laser range scanning and its application
[J]. Geo Spatial Information Science, 2001, 1(4): 37-42.
[6] Kau CH, Cronin A, Durning P, et al. A new method for the 3D measurement of postoperative swelling following orthognathic surgery
[J]. Orthod Craniofac Res, 2006 , 9(1):31-37.
[7] Yeganeh S, Lynch E, Jovanovski V, et al. Quantification of root surface plaque using a new 3-D laser scanning method
[J]. Clin Periodontol, 1999, 26(10):692-697.
[8] Kau CH, Zhurov A, Bibb R, et al. The investigation of the changing facial appearance of identical twins employing a three-dimensional laser imaging system
[J]. Orthod Craniofac Res, 2005, 8(2):85-90.
[9] 李秀忠,赵卫东,吴立军,等. 应用三维激光扫描技术重建桡腕关节立体模型及意义
[J].中华外科杂志,2005,43(8):546-547.
[10]Epstein J, Epstein BS, Lavine L. Clinical monoradiculopathy caused by arthritic hypertrophy
[J]. Neurosurg, 1978, 49:387-392.
[11]Epstein J, Lavine L, Aronson H, et al. Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy
[J]. Clin Orthop, 1965, 40:113-122.
[12]Tanaka N, Fujimoto Y, An HS, et al. The anatomic relation among the nerve roots, intervertebral foramina, and intervertebral discs of the cervical spine
[J]. Spine, 2000, 25(3):286-291.
[13] Ebraheim NA, Liu J, Shafiq Q, et al. Quantitative analysis of changes in cervical intervertebral foramen size with vertebral translation
[J]. Spine, 2006 , 31(3):E62-65.
[14] Hasegawa T, An HS, Haughton VM, et al. Lumbar foraminal stenosis: critical heights of the intervertebral discs and foramina. A cryomicrotome study in cadavera
[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1995, 77(1):32-38.
[15] Shinomiya K, Komori H, Matsuoka T, et al. Neuroradiologic and electrophysiologic assessment of cervical spondylotic amyotrophy
[J]. Spine, 1994, 19(1):21-25.
[16] Lestini WF, Wiesel SW. The pathogenesis of cervical spondylosis
[J]. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1989, (239):69-93.
[17] Lee C, Woodring JH, Rogers LF, et al. The radiographic distinction of degenerative slippage (spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis) from traumatic slippage of the cervical spine
[J]. Skeletal Radiol, 1986, 15(6):439-443.
[18] Humphreys SC, Hodges SD, Patwardhan A, et al. The natural history of the cervical foramen in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals aged 20-60 years as measured by magnetic resonance imaging. A descriptive approach
[J]. Spine, 1998, 23(20):2180-2184.
[19] Lu J, Ebraheim NA, Huntoon M, et al. Cervical intervertebral disc space narrowing and size of intervertebral foramina
[J]. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2000, (370):259-264.
[20] Sohn HM, You JW, Lee JY. The relationship between disc degeneration and morphologic changes in the intervertebral foramen of the cervical spine: a cadaveric MRI and CT study
[J]. J Korean Med Sci, 2004, 19(1):101-106.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
