Objective To investigate the craniofacial characteristics and gender differences among Mongolian college youth aged 18-26 years in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, and to provide relevant references for anthropological and medical research. Methods A total of 374 healthy Mongolian volunteers (134 males and 240 females) in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, underwent 3D craniofacial scanning using the Zhixiang Optoelectronics POP3 scanner. E3D software was applied to conduct three-dimensional digital measurement of 20 craniofacial indicators including head length, head breadth and head height, and calculate 13 anatomical indices such as the length-breadth index of head and the length-height index of head. Gender differences in the above craniofacial indicators and indices were then compared. Results Among Mongolian college youth in Hohhot, there was no significant gender difference in head length (P>0.05), while there were significant gender differences in the other 19 indicators including head breadth and head height (P≤0.05). Four anatomical indices including the length-height index of head and the morphological facial index showed obvious gender differences (P≤0.05), whereas 9 indices such as the breadth-height index of head and the transverse frontoparietal index presented no significant gender differences (P>0.05). For the classification of craniofacial indices, males were predominantly characterized by hyperbrachycephaly (38.8%), hypsicephaly (85.1%), acrocephaly (53%), hyperleptoprosopy (46.3%) and mesorrhiny (36.6%), females were mainly brachycephaly (25%), hypsicephaly (72.5%), acrocephaly (49.2%), hyperleptoprosopy (41.3%) and mesorrhiny (36.3%). Conclusions There are significant gender differences in the craniofacial characteristics of Mongolian youth in Hohhot. Generally, female craniofacial anatomical parameters are smaller than those of males, males have wider and taller skulls compared with females, while females have broader nasal structures than males.
Key words
Mongolian nationality /
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Craniofacial region /
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Digital measurement /
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Three-dimensional scanning
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