Objective    To investigate the observation and clinical significance of microanatomy and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the central cerebral superficial veins.   Methods    The imaging data of 50 patients (100 sides) who were examined by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in Heze Municipal Hospital from September 2020 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, and the morphological structure and reflux position of the superficial cerebral veins in the brain central region were observed, and the diameter of the tubes were measured. Red and blue latex were used to infuse the arteries and veins of 20 (40 sides) cadaveric head specimens, and the composition, morphology, and course of the central superficial veins were observed under the microscope, and the diameter of the tubes were measured. The two results were then compared.    Results   Six types of central superficial veins were observed in DSA images: (1) anterior central vein type, (2) Trolard vein type, (3) central sulci vein type, (4) posterior central vein type, (5) mixed type, (6) absent central superficial vein type. The diameter of the anterior central vein was (3.84±1.24) mm on the left and (3.68±1.43) mm on the right. The diameter of the central sulcus vein was (4.12±1.11) mm on the left and (4.03±1.16) mm on the right. The venous tube diameter of Trolard was (1.12±0.41) mm on the left and (1.21±0.48) mm on the right. The diameter of the posterior central vein was (1.07±0.78) mm on the left and (1.14±0.67) mm on the right. The microanatomical observation of 20 cases (40 sides) showed that the central superficial veins were divided into five types: (1) anterior central vein type, (2) central sulcus vein type, (3) mixed type, (4) Trolard vein type and (5) posterior central vein type. Anterior central vein diameter: left (3.79±1.04) mm; Right was (3.51±0.97) mm. The left diameter of central sulci vein was (4.02±1.07) mm; the right was (3.93±1.03) mm. The left diameter of Trolard venous tube was (1.06±0.61) mm. The right was (1.13±0.59) mm. The left diameter of the posterior central vein was (1.45±0.44) mm, the right was (1.72±0.75) mm. There was no significant difference in pipe diameter between the two methods (all P>0.05).  Conclusions The microanatomy and imaging showed that the morphological structure and reflux position of the superficial veins in the central region of the brain were varied. Both microanatomy and clinical imaging data can provide more detailed morphological information of the central superficial vein for neurosurgeons, which is conducive to the preoperative planning of surgeons.