Objective To investigate the incidence and imaging anatomical features of intracranial falcine sinus in healthy human. Methods The data of three-dimensional enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (3D CE-MRV) of 177 healthy patients (81 males and 96 females) with complete falcine and dural venous sinus were analyzed, and volume rendering technique (VRT) was used to observe the falcine sinus. Results The falcine sinus was found in the cerebral falx of 43 patients, of which 37 patients were located at the junction of the middle and posterior one third region of the cerebral falx. Six patients were located at the posterior one third region of the cerebral falx. According to the structure of the veins connecting to the two ends, the falcine sinus was divided into three types: type Ⅰ (derived from the cerebral falx, injected into the inferior sagittal sinus, vein of Galen or straight sinus), type Ⅱ (derived from the cerebral falx and injected into the posterior part of the superior sagittal sinus) and type Ⅲ (connected the superior sagittal sinus to the inferior sagittal sinus、vein of Galen or straight sinus). Type I falcine sinus consisted of mass-type, triangle-type, strip-type and irregular shape-type. Type II falcine sinus included straight strip-type and curved strip-type. Type III falcine sinus included thin strip-type, wide band-type and V-type. The V-type was usually formed by the fusion of type I and type II falcine sinuses. A total of 11 cases of type Ⅰ falcine sinus, 21 cases of type Ⅱ falcine sinus and 14 cases of type Ⅲ falcine sinus were found (figure 1). Among them, 4 patients had type Ⅰ falcine sinus and type Ⅱ falcine sinus simultaneously, 6 patients had type Ⅱ falcine sinus and type Ⅲ falcine sinus simultaneously, 5 patients had double type Ⅱ falcine sinus, and 4 patients had triple type Ⅱ falcine sinus in their cerebral falx. Conclusions 3D CE-MRV combined with VRT is a good method for observing falcine sinus. Falcine sinus is not rare and has various types.
Key words
Cerebral falx /
/
/
Falcine sinus /
/
/
Magnetic resonance venography /
/
/
Volume rendering technique
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
References
[1] Bekci T, Bilgici MC, Gunbey HP. Incidental persistent falcine sinus[J]. Pediatr Neurol, 2016, 56:90-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.12. 009.
[2] Lin L, Lin JH, Guan J, et al. Falcine sinus: incidence and imaging characteristics of three-dimensional contrast-enhanced thin-section magnetic resonance imaging[J]. Korean J Radiol, 2018,19(3):463-469. DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.19.3.463.
[3] Tsutsumi S, Ono H, Yasumoto Y, et al. Venous channels of the falx cerebri in adult Japanese population: delineation using magnetic resonance imaging[J]. Surg Radiol Anat, 2019, 41(2):203-207. DOI: 10.1007/s00276-018-2146-6.
[4] Tubbs RS, Loukas M, Louis RG, et al. Anatomy of the falcine venous plexus[J].J Neurosurg, 2007,107(1):155-157. DOI: 10.3171/JNS-07/07/0155.
[5] 杨鲁, 罗军德, 黄聪, 等. 永存镰状窦11例双能量CT静脉造影检查影像学特点分析[J].人民军医, 2019, 62(2):170-172,188.
[6] Kesava PP. Recanalization of the falcine sinus after venous sinus thrombosis[J]. Am J Neuroradiol,1996,17(9):1646-1648.
[7] Manoj KS, Krishnamoorthy T, Thomas B, et al. An incidental persistent falcine sinus with dominant straight sinus and hypoplastic distal superior sagittalsinus[J]. Pediatr Radiol, 2006, 36(1):65-67. DOI: 10.1007/s00247-005-0009-x.
[8] Mizutani K, Miwa T, Akiyama T, et al. Fate of the three embryonic dural sinuses in infants: the primitive tentorial sinus, occipital sinus, and falcine sinus[J].Neuroradiology, 2018,60(3):325-333. DOI: 10.1007/s00234-018-1980-x.
[9] Yoshioka S, Moroi J, Kobayashi S, et al. A case of falcine sinus dural arteriovenous fistula[J]. Neurosurgery, 2013,73(3):E554-556. DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000430325.02645.80.
[10] Sener RN. Association of persistent falcine sinus with different clinicoradiologic conditions: MR imaging and MR angiography[J].Comput Med Imaging Graph, 2000, 24(6):343-348. DOI: 10.1016/s0895-6111(00)00031-8.
[11]Bartels RH, Merx JL, Overbeeke JJ. Falcine sinus and occipital encephalocele: a magnetic resonance venography study[J]. J Neurosurg,1998, 89(5):738-741. DOI: 10.3171/jns.1998.89.5.0738.
[12]Manjila S, Bazil T, Thomas M, et al. A review of extraaxial developmental venous anomalies of the brain involving dural venous flow or sinuses: persistent embryonic sinuses, sinus pericranii, venous varices or aneurysmal malformations, and enlarged emissary veins[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2018, 45(1):E9. DOI: 10.3171/2018.5.FOCUS18107.
[13]Ryu CW. Persistent falcine sinus: is it really rare[J]. Am J Neuroradiol, 2010, 31(2):367-369. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A1794.
[14]盛波, 吕富荣, 李佳, 等. 成人CT血管成像静脉窦解剖研究及应用[J].中国临床解剖学杂志, 2017, 35(06):22-26. DOI: 10.13418/j.issn.1001-165x.2017.06.005.
PDF(4529 KB)
